Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Some Ayurvedic Botanicals (Nigella sativa, Andrographis paniculata, and Phyllanthus amarus) and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties Using Bioinformatics Approaches
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Date
2024
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CRC Press
Abstract
Bacterial and viral infections have posed serious threats to human health since time immemorial, occasionally causing pandemics, yet with therapeutic challenges due to incessant resistance. For instance, the development of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-mediated defence mechanisms by Enterobacteriaceae has defeated almost all available antibiotics even in combination. Similarly, frequent mutations of viruses inclusively constitute drawbacks to the clinical efficacy of most antivirals. Therefore, the discovery of effective alternatives for the current and emerging bacterial and viral diseases remains a critical scientific quest. The entire process is complicated by lengthy time frames, exorbitant cost/resources, and environmental risks. However, the application of bioinformatics through computer-aided drug discovery ameliorates most of the limitations. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites found throughout in natural products and are renowned for therapeutic effects against several diseases affecting humans, including the bacterial and viral borne types. They are major phytochemicals in prominent botanicals of Ayurvedic medicines: Nigella sativa, Andrographis paniculata and Phyllanthus amarus, synergistically conferring multi-target-directed therapeutic actions. In this chapter, dozens of phenolic phytochemicals extracted and isolated from the three selected plants were curated from the recent literature. Their interesting antibacterial and antiviral activities as well as their mechanisms of action as evaluated using bioinformatics techniques are comprehensively showcased. Knowledge-based perspectives and directions for future scientific efforts are outlined for transforming the potentials of the compounds into real-time medicinal application as broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral agents. The chapter further promotes the invaluable application of bioinformatics tools in modern drug design, amenable for wider exploration of natural products in search of improved antibiotic and antiviral alternatives.
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Ayipo, Y. O., Badeggi, U. M., Ajiboye, A. T., & Mordi, M. N. Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Some Ayurvedic Botanicals (Nigella sativa, Andrographis paniculata, and Phyllanthus amarus) and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties Using Bioinformatics Approaches. In Computational Approaches in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (pp. 88-126). CRC Press.