Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic sorption of paranitroaniline on Cocos nucifera shell activated carbon@TiO2 composite
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Date
2024-10-14
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Vietnam J. Chem.
Abstract
A comparative study was conducted on the adsorption capacity of Cocos nucifera
shell-activated carbon (CNSA) and Cocos nucifera shell-activated carbon@TiO2
composite (CNSA-TiO2) for para-nitroaniline in an aqueous medium. The CNSA
was carbonized at 500 ◦C and activated with 1 M HNO3 while the CNSA-TiO2 composite was prepared by wet impregnation method. The prepared adsorbents were
characterized through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), energy dispersive X-ray
(EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM). The BET-surface area of CNSA-TiO2 (748.96 m2/g) was
established to be larger than CNSA (574.21 m2/g), however both materials are
mesoporous. The effects of initial p-NA concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage,
contact time, and temperature, were explored for both adsorbents. The results
showed that the adsorption operating parameters influenced the adsorption process except for temperature, with maximum adsorption of 38.26 and 38.36 mg/g
for CNSA and CNSA-TiO2, respectively. Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and DubininRadushkevich isotherms were tested on the adsorption data, and the adsorption
process of both adsorbents followed the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 > 0.988).
Among the kinetic models studied, the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 1) best
described both processes. The thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G◦, ∆H◦ and
∆S ◦ were calculated. The process was exothermic, spontaneous and feasible.