Catalytic performance of nano-calcium oxide (n-CaO from different waste bones and cooking oils in biodiesel production
Loading...
Date
2022-09-18
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Chemical Society of Nigeria (CSN)
Abstract
The trans-esterification procedures of refined waste groundnut oil (WGO) and sunflower oil (WSO) were optimized using calcium oxide obtained following combustion and analysis from three distinct animal bones. The bone samples were crushed and calcined at 600 oC into fine powders with particle dimensions of 49 nm. The transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunnar Emmet Teller (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were used to characterize calcined bones such as calcined fish bone (CFB), calcined cow bone (CCB), and calcined chicken bone (CCHB). To make methyl ester, powdered calcium oxide (CaO) was extracted from discarded animal bones (FAMEs). The influence of the catalyst dosage ratio on the physicochemical parameters of the produced biodiesel, such as yield, specific gravity, density, kinematic viscosity, and acid values, was researched and evaluated. The analysis of findings using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS software) revealed that groundnut-based biodiesel (GNB) with CCB at 3.0 wt. % yielded 95.0 %, followed by sunflower-based biodiesel (SFB) with CCB 4.0 wt. % yielded 95.0 %. The best ideal trans-esterification reaction parameters were a 1:6 molar oil-to-methanol ratio, a 1 hour reaction period, a 333 K reaction temperature, a 1000 rpm stirring rate, and a 3-4 wt. %t CaO catalyst loading. This study discovered that waste cooking oils and the calcium oxide derived from them were excellent sources of materials that can improve biodiesel production and meet American criteria for testing materials ASTM requirements