Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Abbatoir Effluent on Oko Oba River in Agege, Lagos Nigeria.
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Date
2024-12-23
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
International Journal of Innovative Environmental Studies Research
Abstract
Activities of Abattoir and its impact on the ecosystem has been an issue of major concern. This study delves
into the assessment of physicochemical properties within Oko-Oba River in Agege, Lagos, Nigeria, with a
specific focus on the potential influence of abattoir effluent on the quality of Oko-Oba River in Agege. The
study involved the collection of water samples from strategic locations along the river, including the Point
of Discharge (POD) of the abattoir and stream sites. An array of physicochemical parameters were
analyzed, encompassing temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total
suspended solids (TSS), total hardness, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Study’s findings unveiled discernible variations in physicochemical
parameters in Oko-Oba River. The Point of Discharge (POD) from the abattoir exhibited higher turbidity
and lower dissolved oxygen, signifying potential pollution sources and environmental stress. The study
found that Abattoir effluent have significant impact on the Oko-Oba River (R = 0.999). In order to mitigate
the detrimental impacts of abattoir effluent on Oko-Oba River, recommendations include the
implementation of efficient wastewater treatment systems, regular monitoring, community awareness
campaigns, adoption of sustainable technologies, collaborative efforts among stakeholders, further research
initiatives, and legislative reforms.
Description
An abattoir, sometimes referred to as a slaughterhouse, is an establishment engaged in the butchering of
animals for the purpose of meat processing and the production of other commercial items
(Moreroa&Basitere, 2022). Various commercial commodities may be derived from different parts of
animals. For instance, dung can be used for manure production, while the skin or hide can be utilized in the
leather business. Bones can be processed into chicken food, as well as used for the creation of
pharmaceuticals and cutlery. Fats can be utilized in the manufacture of tallow, and blood can be processed
into blood meal.Abattoir is one of the largest consumers of water with over 2000 Gm3 of water required per
year for the animal production (Akanni et al., 2019). This high volume of water for the meat production
yields considerably equal amount of wastewater to be discharged. This abattoir waste contains several
compositional elements such as potential pathogens, biodegradable organic compounds and odor producing
elements (Akanni et al., 2019).
The wastewater discharged from Abattoir vary in pollution content ranging from organic to inorganic
pollutants. The need for regular surveillance, pre-treatment and treatment of water bodies is of utmost
importance in this generation so as to maintain the sustainability of the environment (Akanni et al., 2019).
Abattoir sludge which originates from high strength wastewater needs to be properly disposed of (Eryuruk
et al., 2018). Abattoirs globally have been recognized for their potential to cause environmental pollution,
either via direct or indirect means, as shown by Emmanuel and Odafivwotu (2023). Direct pollution refers
to the act of disposing waste into water and land surfaces without prior treatment, often due to the lack of
appropriate facilities. On the other hand, indirect pollution occurs when waste from abattoirs' dumpsites is
transported by runoff into nearby water bodies or the surrounding environment (Ukoji & Ndakara, 2021).
Abattoir Effluent is undeniably a significant and immediate contributor to the pollution of surface and
groundwater in developing nations, particularly in Nigeria. This is primarily due to the strategic placement
of abattoirs in close proximity to river bodies, aiming to facilitate convenient access to water for processing
operations (Emmanuel &Odafivwotu, 2023). Similar to other types of waste, the improper management and
disposal of agricultural waste (AW) may provide significant risks to both the environment and human
health (Ohwo&Ndakara, 2022).According to Emmanuel and Odafivwotu (2023), a significant number of
byproducts, such as blood, flesh, and fat, are lost as waste during the processing of meats at abattoirs. These
waste materials are often disposed of in designated waste areas inside the slaughterhouse premises or
directly discharged into nearby rivers.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the physiochemical properties of abattoir discharge
(Wastewater) on Oko-Oba River in Agege, Lagos, Nigeria. This is a critical endeavor with significant
implications for environmental protection, human health, and sustainable industrial practices, the findings
of this study can inform policy decisions, drive responsible industrial practices, and ultimately contribute to
the well-being of both ecosystems and communities impacted by abattoir operations.
Keywords
Citation
Agboola, O. E. and Opasola O.A , Tella, R.A and Sakariyau, A.O (2024). Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Abbatoir Effluent on Oko Oba River in Agege, Lagos Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Environmental Studies Research 12(4):80-88