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- ItemCommunity-Based Strategies to Improve Primary Health Care (PHC) Services in Developing Countries. Case Study of Nigeria(Scient Open Access Journal: Journal of Primary Health Care and General Practice, 2020-02-06) Oluwasogo A. OLALUBI; Ibrahim Sebutu BELLOPrimary Health Care (PHC) remains the minimum package of healthcare that should be provided to every individual and community across Nigeria's Health System. The aim is to improve relatively the health status of the nation by ensuring the provision of healthcare services to people in rural areas which is indicated by reduced mortality and morbidity and improved survival rates in such communities. However, the situation of health status in Nigeria has not yet attained the desired level. Data shows that as of 2015, the country recorded 814 maternal deaths / 100,000 live births which put her in the same category as the poorest countries in the world such as Chad, Niger and Somalia among others. Furthermore, Nigeria’s health profile reveals that 2,300 under-five children and 145 women of childbearing age die every single day. Moreover, malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea and other preventable infectious diseases remain the major causes of under-five deaths in Nigeria. Given these problems faced by PHC in the country, there is an urgent need for ‘‘one health’’ approach integrating the principal stakeholders, the current Minister of Health, state commissioners for health, all 774 Local Government chairmen as well as the National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria (NPMCN) to revisit manpower need of PHCs and secondary healthcare facilities. There is also the need for policies for restructuring, leadership and running of these PHC institutions. Promoting health and prolonging life requires prompt detection and effective management of common communicable and non-communicable diseases cases which can only be achieved through a robust primary healthcare facility. A national health insurance system that provides cover for vulnerable special groups, aged, young adolescents, school children, as well as pregnant mothers is a necessity towards reducing inequality in access to basic primary healthcare. This will reduce dependence on out-of-pocket spending and improve access to healthcare services.
- ItemValues and Hopes of Ebola Vaccines Mass Immunization Programs and Treatments Adoption and Implementation Benefits in Africa(International Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination, 2015-11-06) Ernest Tambo; Chidiebere EU; Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Isatta W; Jeannetta KJ; Jeane YNThe potential benefits of safe, effective and cost effective Ebola vaccines and massive population-based immunization and treatment can be easily demonstrated by the unprecedented Ebola outbreak consequences that raged West Africa and intimidation the international public health security. Effective community-based health programming and contextual understanding have shown to be of tremendous benefits of global poliomyelitis immunization initiative. Africa fertility rate is among the highest in the world and projected growth over next 40 years, from 1.1 billion to 2.4 billion by 2050. It has become clear that the lack of effective Ebola immunization programs and management logistics in both vulnerable populations and international travellers was complicated by weak health planning and epidemics preparedness. Moreover, poor prognosis and late local, regional and international response led to preventable toll of over 27,609 cases and 11,261 deaths been recorded in West Africa recently. As Ebola still represents a common threat in Africa and threatening the global community; this article reports a cumulative survival rate varying between 37- 66% in West Africa with the highest in Sierra Leone of 67% in contrast to 26% in DR Congo with the highest cumulative frequencies of seven of Ebola resurgence episodes from 1977-2014, and Uganda five episodes from 2000-2012. But what exactly triggers to those Ebola patients fortunate enough to survive is still to be elucidated. West Africa has recorded a cumulative fatality rate ranging from 34- 63 %. Understanding the benefits of Ebola immunization should be of importance and could provide inklings into Ebola’s weakness in such dearth of local medical and healthcare delivery, intense global travel and food insecurity systems. Hence, development and effective deployment of massive population-based Ebola immunization program and travel medicine policy on prevention and control measures should be a major priority post-Ebola emergency response directed to curb and to eradicate the threatening Ebola outbreaks. In addition, development of evidence-based innovative community-based primary healthcare services, functioning delivery mechanisms, other public health interventions surveillance and recovery packages. Hence, support in improving safety and healthy living in achieving the national / regional growth, sustainable development goals and global health security.
- ItemAn evaluation of the effect of graphene oxide on Saccharomyces cerevisiae(African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2018-12-21) Nafisat Omotayo; Onyanobi Abel-Anyebe; Oluwasogo Olalubi; Obaid Ullah; Shahlla Mir; Opeyemi Ojekunle; Adedamola Olatoregun; Judith Anglin; Ayodotun Sodipe
- ItemEthical, legal and societal considerations on Zika virus epidemics complications in scaling-up prevention and control strategies(Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 2017) Ernest Tambo; Ghislaine Madjou; Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa; Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Chryseis F. Chengho; Emad I.M. KhaterMuch of the fear and uncertainty around Zika epidemics stem from potential association between Zika virus (ZIKV) complications on infected pregnant women and risk of their babies being born with microcephaly and other neurological abnormalities. However, much remains unknown about its mode of transmission, diagnosis and long-term pathogenesis. Worries of these unknowns necessitate the need for effective and efficient psychosocial programs and medical-legal strategies to alleviate and mitigate ZIKV related burdens. In this light, local and global efforts in maintaining fundamental health principles of moral, medical and legal decision-making policies, and interventions to preserve and promote individual and collective Human Rights, autonomy, protection of the most vulnerable, equity, dignity, integrity and beneficence that should not be confused and relegated by compassionate humanitarian assistance and support. This paper explores the potential medical and ethical-legal implications of ZIKV epidemics emergency response packages and strategies alongside optimizing reproductive and mental health policies, programs and best practice measures. Further long-term cross-borders operational research is required in elucidating Zika-related population-based epidemiology, ethical-medical and societal implications in guiding evidence-based local and global ZIKV maternal-child health complications related approaches and interventions. Core programs and interventions including future Zika safe and effective vaccines for global Zika immunization program in most vulnerable and affected countries and worldwide should be prioritized.
- ItemEvaluation of host humoral antibody production against Plasmodium falciparum recombinant circumsporozoite antigen in Nigerian children(J Vector Borne Dis, 2012-09) Oluwasogo Adewole Olalubi; Ogunlana Oluseyi Ebenezer; Anumudu ChiakaBackground & objectives: The challenge of malaria and efforts targeted at developing malaria vaccines triggered this study on the reactivity of IgG and its subclasses in the test serum specific to CSP. This work was directed at assessing the influence of age and gender on host humoral antibody against Plasmodium falciparum recombinant circumsporozoite antigen in Nigerian children. Methods: In all, 67 serum samples (>10,000 parasites/μl of blood) collected from malaria-infected children at the University College Hospital, Ibadan during the transmission season were analyzed by ELISA. Results: The mean absorbance values of IgG subclasses reactive against P. falciparum CSP appeared to be age dependent and ranged from 0.01 for IgG4 in younger children to 0.95 for IgG3 in older children. The sixty-seven subjects investigated in this study had significantly higher mean IgG1 and IgG3 than the uninfected controls (p <0.01). This follows the order IgG3 >IgG1>IgG2>IgG4 which confirmed the prevalence of the cytophilic antibodies (IgG1 and IgG3) in 65% of the malaria infected children over the non-cytophilic subclasses (IgG2 and IgG4). Similarly, there was low production of IgG4 and IgG2 levels in 35% of the subjects compared with control. IgG was detected in the serum of North American Subjects (NAS) which served as negative control for CSP-specific IgG subclasses. Although the NAS titre was lower than that of the malaria subjects in Nigeria, its IgG2 was, however, higher (0.16) than that of other subclasses. The mean absorbance values of total serum IgG subclass were higher than those of IgG subclasses specific to P. falciparum circumsporozoite antigen. The mean absorbance values of the total serum IgG subclass follows the order IgG2>IgG1>IgG4>IgG3. Interpretation & conclusion: Age and gender-dependent correlations of results suggest that acquired immunity could play a significant role in protection from malaria. Antibody levels are higher in male than female children of the same age group. Antibody levels also increase with age in both the male and female children.