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- ItemNeuro Protective Effect of Lycopene and Tetracarpidium Conophorum Extracts on Heat-Stressed Cockerels(Badeggi Journals, 2024-06-01) Olayinka Abosede OjoThe study was conducted to determine the neuro protective potential of lycopene and Tetracarpidium conophorum leave Extract (TCLE) on acetyl cholinesterase activity and oxidative status of heat-stress cockerels. A total of 54 cockerels of 25- week old were used for this experiment. There were nine treatments: 0 ml of extract/ 250 ml of water (control)(T1), 30 ml of lycopene/250 ml of water (T2), 60 ml of lycopene/250 ml of water (T3), 30 ml of TCLE/250 ml of water (T4), 60 ml of TCLE /250 ml of water (T5), 15 ml of lycopene + 15 ml of TCLE/250 ml of water (T6), 30 ml of lycopene + 30 ml of TCLE/ 250 ml of water (T7), Vitamin C 0.1g/250 ml of water (T8), Cooler temperature (25±2 o C (T9). Total Protein (TP), brain antioxdant; superoxide peroxidase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathiones-S transferase (GST), Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) Acetylcholinesterase (AChe) and phytochemical quantitative/ qualitative analysis of TCLE were evaluated.Results showed that value obtained for crude protein (7.24%), moisture (4.66%), ash and crude fibre content (9.75% and 2.49%) of TCL were depressed, while carbohydrate value (65.30%) was elevated. Also TCLE contain essential compounds as saponin, tannin, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, coumarins, triterpenes, terpenoids and fixed oils, which are present in low quantity(+). There was non-significant effect (P>0.05) of lycopene and Tetracarpidium conophorum on TP, MDA, SOD and catalase of cockerel brain, however, significant elevation was observed in the brain GST was significantly elevated treatment 4 (1490.45 U/mg protein), GPx (1009.04 U/mg protein), GSH (71.03 U/mg protein) and Acetylcholinesterase activities were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatments. It was observed that the experimental inclusions did not significantly impose any negative effect on the cockerels
- ItemDevelopment and evaluation of biomass-based alternative charcoal.(Published by Italian Society of Agricultural Engineering., 2020) Fadeyibi, A; Adebayo, K. R; Obafemi, T. M; Olubo, A. S; Busari, R. A; Yisa, M. GEnvironmental issues resulting from production and application of wood charcoal can be addressed by using biomass briquettes as alternative. This research was undertaken to develop and evaluate briquette from jatropha, groundnut and melon seed residues. Samples of the briquette were formed from mixtures of 0.32-0.39 kg carbonized residues, 0.30-0.40 kg starch and 0.02-0.04 kg water. Physical and mechanical properties of the briquette samples including calorific value, bulk density and breaking force were determined using standard methods. Box-Bekhen Design Methodology was used to determine the optimum briquette blend. The results showed that the optimal briquette blend gave values of 4711.87 kcal. kg-1 calorific value, 282.59 kg m-3 bulk density and 1.36 kN breaking force, with a desirability index of 61.5%. A comparative analysis of the properties of the optimal briquette with that of a wood charcoal indicates no significant difference (P<0.05). This implies that the briquette can serve as an alternative energy source for cooking in rural communities.
- ItemPOTENTIAL IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ILORIN METROPOLIS.(Published by Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Makurdi., 2019) Akpenpuun, T. D; Adeniran, K. A; Busari, R. A; Ajayi-Banji, A; Issa, B. B.Solid waste is an inevitable consequence of human activities on earth; hence an investigation was carried out to assess the impact of methods of solid waste management of selected industries on the environment in Ilorin metropolis. Two main tools used for the study were: a structured questionnaire and physical collection of solid wastes generated from the industries located within Ilorin metropolis. Percentages and charts were used in analysing the data. Sawmill waste recorded 98.69% out of the total weight of waste collected for the experiment. 1.04%, 0.22% and 0.04% were recorded for plastic, printing (papers) and films (publishing) industries, respectively. The results showed that 58% of the industries monitored their solid waste with 15% and 20% of PVC and sawmill industry, respectively. It was also observed that 20% of the respondents employ contractors for waste disposal, 6% deposit their waste at the dump site while 44% sell their industrial waste and 30% respondents burn their waste.
- ItemOPTIMIZATION OF MECHANICAL EXPRESSION OF CASTOR SEEDS OIL (RICINUS COMMUNIS) USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY.(Published by Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, 2017) R. A. Busari; J. O. OlaoyeThe effect of the processing parameters of Castor seed on its oil yield was investigated. The castor seeds were passed through drying, crushing and separation into seeds and shells. These processing conditions were further succeeded by seed roasting and subsequent mechanical expression of the roasted nut by means of screw press in the course of its preparation for oil expression. Seed samples were conditioned by adding calculated amount of distilled water to obtain different moisture levels from the initial moisture content of the seeds. Samples were roasted at the temperatures of 83.18, 90.00, 100.00, 110.00 and 116.82°C, over periods of 6.59, 10.00, 15.00, 20.00 and 23.41min, seed moisture content of 6.32, 7.00, 8.00, 9.00 and 9.68 % wb, respectively and the oil was expressed using a screw roaster-expeller. Optimization of the oil expression process was achieved by applying Central Composite Rotatable Design of Response Surface Methodology. The optimal conditions for oil yield within the experimental range of the studied variables were 7%, 110°C and 20 min; moisture content, roasting temperature and roasting duration respectively. These values of the optimum process conditions were used to predict optimum value of oil yield to be 25.77%. A second-order model was obtained to predict oil yield as a function of moisture content, heating temperature and duration. Thus the result from this research work has established the optimal conditions for mechanical extraction of oil from castor seed. Closed agreement between experimental and predicted yield was obtained.
- ItemEffects of Operating Parameters on the Performance of a Mixer cum Pelletizer for Livestock Feeds.(Published by Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin. Nigeria, 2021) Tajudeen A. Ishola; Rasheed. A. Busari; Olanrewaju. S. AboyejiThe performance of a mixing/pelletizing machine is dependent on the right combination of process variables for the formation of biomass feed pellets for livestock. The performance of a mixer/pelletizer was evaluated in terms of bulk density, pelletizing efficiency, throughput capacity, shattering index, compressive strength and drying time of pellets. The process variables were moisture content, binder conditions and mixer speeds. The data obtained from the tests were statistically analyzed. The analysis of variance test showed that the moisture content, binder condition, the interaction between moisture content, mixer speed and binder condition were significant at 5 % confidence limit. Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test showed that levels of the moisture content, binder condition and mixer speed were significantly different at 5 % confidence level. The results revealed that as moisture content increased from moisture content of 20 to 30 % (db), the pelletizing efficiency and the throughput capacity increased and peaked at 26 % (db). The highest throughput capacity of 116.12 kg/h and pelletizing efficiency of 86.7 % were obtained at moisture content of 26 % (db), 0.5 kg of molasses as binder and 800 rpm mixer speed. The highest bulk density obtained was 1118 kg/m3 and the longest drying time of 2 hours 40 minutes at moisture content of 26% (db), binder condition of 0.5 kg and mixer speed of 800 rpm. Above moisture content of 26 % (db), the drying time remained constant at 2 hours 40 minutes without any change. The proximate analysis results revealed that the highest carbohydrate content was 53.16 ± 0.10 %, highest crude protein content was 20.45 ± 0.22 % while the highest crude fibre was 8.44 ± 0.05%. The quality of livestock feed pellets formed would be enhanced by the right choice of process variables.