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- ItemAdsorptive Removal of Copper (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using a Magnetite Nano‑Adsorbent from Mill Scale Waste: Synthesis, Characterization, Adsorption and Kinetic Modelling Studies(Springer, 2021) Katibi, Kamil KayodeIn this study, magnetite nano-adsorbent (MNA) was extracted from mill scale waste products, synthesized and applied to eliminate Cu2+ from an aqueous solution. Mill scale waste product was ground using conventional milling and impacted using high-energy ball milling (HEBM) for varying 3, 5, and 7 milling hours. In this regard, the prepared MNA was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and zeta potential. The resultant MNA-7 h milling time displayed a crystalline structure with irregular shapes of 11.23 nm, specific surface area of 5.98 m2g− 1, saturation magnetization, Ms of 8.35 emug− 1, and isoelectric point charge at pH 5.4. The optimum adsorption capacity, qe of 4.42 mg. g−1 for the removal of Cu2+ ions was attained at 120 min of contact time. The experimental data were best fitted to the Temkin isotherm model. A comparison between experimental kinetic studies and the theoretical aspects showed that the pseudo-second-order matched the experimental trends with a correlation coefficient of (R2 > 0.99). Besides, regeneration efficiency of 70.87% was achieved after three cycles of reusability studies. The MNA offers a practical, efficient, low-cost approach to reutilize mill scale waste products and provide ultra-fast separation to remove Cu2+ from water.
- ItemSynthesis of eco-friendly bio-based coconut shell magnetic biochar for efficient bisphenol S sequestration in aqueous environment: green technology breakthrough(Taylors and Francis, 2024) Katibi, Kamil KayodeWater pollution has emerged as a critical global challenge, particularly the contamination of water bodies with persistent organic pollutants such as Bisphenol S (BPS), a known endocrine disruptor. This study presents the synthesis and application of eco-friendly bio-based coconut shell magnetic biochar (CSMB) for efficient sequestration of BPS from aqueous environments. Utilizing pyrolysis and co-precipitation techniques, the magnetic biochar was characterized through various methods including surface chemistry (pHpzc), electron dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM revealed a porous structure with a high surface area, while FTIR confirmed the presence of functional groups essential for adsorption. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and VSM successfully incorporated magnetic nanoparticles, enhancing the separation process post-adsorption. The CSMB demonstrated a significant surface area of 373m2 g−1, outperforming regular coconut shell biochar (CSB), with a BPS adsorption capacity of 43.5 mg/g compared to 26.7 mg/g for CSB. Batch adsorption tests assessed the impact of operational factors such as initial BPS concentration (8–150 ppm), contact time (30–150 min), temperature (298.15, 318.15, and 338.15 K), pH (3–11), and CSMB dosage (0.1–0.9 g). The results indicated optimal adsorption at pH 6 with a maximum capacity of 52.3 mg/g. Kinetic studies revealed that the pseudo-secondorder model best described the adsorption process, while the Langmuir isotherm model provided an excellent fit for the adsorption data. The reusability of CSMB was validated over five cycles, with adsorption capacity decreasing slightly from 43.5 mg/g to approximately 41 mg/g, making it a sustainable and effective adsorbent for water treatment.
- ItemAugmenting pomelo juice quality through membrane-based clarification and bioactive compounds recovery(Taylors and Francis, 2024) Katibi, Kamil KayodeThe presence of impurities, microorganisms, enzymes, suspended solids, and impurities in unclarified pomelo juice negatively affected the quality and shelf-life of the product in the food industry. The objective of this study focuses on the clarification of fresh pomelo juice using an ultrafiltration (UF) process. The study examined the influence of the operating pressure (OP) on the various quality attributes of pomelo juice, such as pH, total soluble solids (TSS), turbidity, color, total phenolic content (TPC), ascorbic acid content (AAC) and fouling mechanisms and permeate flux (J) behavior. To perform the clarification of pomelo juice, a 100 kDa membrane (polymeric) was used in a dead-end system, and the process was carried out in batch mode at OP values of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 bar. The findings revealed that increasing OP led to higher flux during ultrafiltration with limiting pressure (Plim). The limiting pressure (Plim) was anticipated to be beyond 3.0 bar due to the enzymatic pretreatment. The primary fouling mechanism during the clarification process was total pore blocking. After filtration, the resulting juice showed a significant reduction in turbidity of over 97%, while TSS was lowered by 7–17% compared to fresh juice. The pomelo juice was efficiently clarified while the pH remained stable at �3.8. The clarified juice showed a minor decline of 10.1–13.9% in TPC and a 10.8–16.7% reduction in AAC compared to the fresh unclarified juice. In conclusion, a pressure of 3.0 bar is recommended for conducting the ultrafiltration process in order to attain desirable flux behavior and optimum properties of the juice.
- ItemDevelopment and Performance Evaluation of an Automatic Fish Feeder(walsh Medical Media, 2016-02-15) Ogunlela, A. O and Adebayo, A.A.Aquaculture, the process of raising aquatic animals in ponds, is gaining more attention in recent times. The feeding system is an important aspect of aquacultural practice. A simple, relatively inexpensive automatic fish feeder was designed, constructed and evaluated. The operation of the feeder does not require highly technical expertise. This paper reports the design considerations, materials used and the effectiveness of the device, based on analysis of manual feeding and automatic feeding. The main features of the device are: hopper (stainless steel), bi-directional motor, feed platform and electrical control box. The design was based on specific parameters which included capacity of culture tank, stocking density, fish biomass, diameter of the feed, angle of repose and bulk density (of the feed). The total cost of the device was 17,000 naira (approx. 106 U.S. dollars). The device was tested under two culture tanks (0.75 m3 each) with 10 kg-33 juvenile cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) placed in each tank with one feeding automatically and the other, manually. The feeder evaluation was based on feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feeding efficiency (FE). The total average gain in weight per fish was higher in the automatic feeding (89.50 g) than in manual (78.50 g). An FE of 20.9% was obtained in the automatic feeding and 18.6% in manual, in relation to their FCRs. A t-test, conducted at 5% significance level, indicated a significant difference in the two feeding methods.
- ItemAssessment of Using Rainfall-Runoff Model to Predict Stream-flow in Ungauged Awun River Watershed, Kwara State, Nigeria(J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 2024-10-31) ADEOGUN, AG; ALAJAGUSI, SN; ADEBAYO, KR; SAMSON, IOPredicting streamflow for an ungauged river is essential for effective water resource management, flood risk mitigation, ecological protection, and infrastructure planning, providing critical insights despite the absence of direct measurement data. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to assess the use of a rainfall-runoff model for predicting streamflow in the ungauged Awun River Watershed, Kwara State, Nigeria. Due to the absence of measured data, regional calibration techniques were employed, utilizing data from nearby gauged river with similar hydrological characteristics. The hydrologic model predicted a peak discharge of 2164 m³/s and a total runoff volume of 19967.78 m³ during the modeling period, providing valuable insights for flood forecasting and water resource planning. Performance evaluation metrics indicated a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.54 and a Mean Error (ME) of 0.33, reflecting moderate agreement between observed and simulated runoff data. The Percent Bias (PBIAS) of 49.25% highlighted a tendency towards overestimation. Furthermore, a high R-squared (R²) value of 0.89 demonstrated that the model successfully explained 89% of the variance in observed runoff, effectively capturing the key hydrological characteristics of the Awun River watershed. This modeling framework is valuable for land-use planning, water resource management, decision-making, and flood risk assessments in the Awun River region.