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- ItemCopper pollution effects on growth and biomass yield of Nigerian vegetables(IKSAD Publishing House, 2023-05-21) Olawepo, Gabriel Kehinde; Salami, Olalekan OluwatoyosiThis study investigated the impact of copper pollution on the biomass and dry matter of two commonly consumed vegetables in Nigeria, Amaranthus hybridus (Efo tete) and Celosia argentea (Efo soko). The plants were grown in soil treated with different concentrations of copper (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) and in unpolluted soil for comparison. The results showed that both vegetables absorbed copper from the soil, but the levels were within the permissible limit (5-100 mg/kg). Interestingly, the copper absorption did not affect the biomass or dry matter of the plants. These findings suggest that these vegetables are tolerant to copper pollution and could be cultivated in contaminated soils without affecting their nutritional value.
- ItemBiodiversity Status of the Immediate Vicinity of an Iron and Steel Recycling Factory in Ile-Ife, South-Western Nigeria(Academic Press - Society of Land Measurements and Cadastre from Transylvania (SMTCT), 2015-07-01) Agboola, Oludare Oladipo; Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi; Oyedeji, StephenFloristic composition of vegetation communities of 27 plots established along a line transect in the four major directions was investigated in the vicinity of an Iron and Steel factory in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The aim of the study was to document the plant species composition (biodiversity) of the plant communities found within the 350 m perimeter of the facility in the study area, which will serve as a reference data, as there was no reported study for the area prior to the establishment of the factory. Plant species were identified to species level in a 10 x 10 m plot and the occurrence of each species was described in semi-quantitative terms. The vegetation is heterogeneous in nature having 31 species of tree saplings and climbers, 26 of shrubs, 15 of herbaceous plants and 4 of grasses. These 107 plant species belong to forty six (46) plant families. The dominant families included Apocynaceae and Papilionaceae (9 species), Sapindaceae (8 species), Euphorbiaceae (6 species), Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Sterculiaceae and Verbenaceae (4 species). Among the diverse species recorded, Chromolaena odorata formed a ticket in almost all the plots. Other common species included Albizia zygia, Alchornea laxiflora, Aspilia africana, Cnestis ferruginea, Combretum sp., Icacina tricantha, Ipomoea involucrata, Momordica foetida, Panicum maximum, Paullinia pinnata, Simicrata welwitschii and Vigna gracilis. The index of similarity of the plots ranged from 6.1 to 71.8%. The potential and vulnerability of the species were highlighted. Adherence to and enforcement of environmental regulations was recommended for preservation of the native species.
- ItemEcological vulnerability: seasonal and spatial assessment of trace metals in soils and plants in the vicinity of a scrap metal recycling factory in Southwestern Nigeria(Springer, 2014-07-01) Owoade, O. Kayode; Awotoye, O. Olusegun; Salami, Olalekan OluwatoyosiThe concentrations of selected heavy metals in the soil and vegetation in the immediate vicinity of a metal scrap recycling factory were determined in the dry and wet seasons using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the soil pH in all the sites indicated slight acidity (from 5.07 to 6.13), high soil organic matter content (from 2.08 to 5.60 %), and a well-drained soil of sandy loam textural composition. Soil heavy metal content in the dry season were 0.84–3.12 mg/kg for Pb, 0.26–0.46 mg/kg for Cd, 9.19–24.70 mg/kg for Zn, and 1.46–1.97 mg/kg for Cu. These values were higher than those in the wet season which ranged from 0.62–0.69 mg/kg for Pb, 0.67–0.78 mg/kg for Cd, 0.84–1.00 mg/kg for Zn, and 1.26–1.45 mg/kg for Cu. Except for cadmium in the dry season, the highest concentrations occurred in the northern side of the factory for all the elements in both seasons. An increase in the concentrations of the elements up to 350 m in most directions was also observed. There was no specific pattern in the level of the metals in the leaves of the plant used for the study. However, slightly elevated values were observed in the wet season (Pb 0.53 mg/kg, Cd 0.59 mg/kg, Cu 0.88 mg/kg) compared with the dry season values (Pb 0.50 mg/kg, Cd 0.57 mg/kg, Cu 0.83 mg/kg). This study showed that the elevated concentrations of these metals might be associated with the activities from the recycling plant, providing the basis for heavy metal pollution monitoring and control of this locality that is primarily used for agricultural purposes.
- ItemImpact of Biochar and Cowdung on Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)(Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Kebbi State University, Kebbi, Nigera, 2025-06-01) Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi; Olawepo, Gabriel Kehinde; Opeloyeru, N. A.; Lawal, B. Y.; Fatoba, P. O.An experiment was conducted beside the central research laboratory of the University of Ilorin to study the effects of water hyacinth-derived biochar (WHB) and/or cow dung (CD) on the growth, yield, and chlorophyll content of Cucumis sativus. The treatment includes: 20 g WHB; 40 g WHB; 60 g WHB; 20 g CD; 40 g CD; 60 g CD; 10 g WHB+10 g CD; 20 g WHB+20 g CD; 30 g WHB+30 g CD. The treatments were laid out as a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Parameters assessed were plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, chlorophyll content (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids), fresh leaf weight, and dry leaf weight. Application of 60 g CD gave the highest leaf number (11.0 leaves/plants) and plant height (27.00 cm), and 40 g CD gave the highest leaf area (50.75 cm2). There is no significant difference among the treatments on the effects on chlorophyll content, but the highest value was recorded in 20 g CD (CHL A-1.31 mg/g; CHL B-0.84 mg/g; total CHL21.58 mg/g; carotenoids: 4.24 mg/g). However, 60 g WHB produced the highest fresh leaf and dry weight (35.94 g and 13.47 g). It was concluded that using CD only has a promising effect on the plant growth and leaf area of Cucumis sativus. At the same time, the co-application of WHB and CD shows little or no enhancement, especially at high dosages when compared with the control and other treatment groups. 60 g WHB shows a promising effect on the fresh and dry weight of the Cucumis sativus leaf.
- ItemEffects of Vermicast and Cowdung on the Growth of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Soybean (Glycine max L.)(Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Kebbi State University, Kebbi, Nigera, 2025-06-01) Olawepo, Gabriel Kehinde; Isah, J. O; Fatoba, P. O.; Salami, Olalekan OluwatoyosiTwo essential legumes with both nutritional and financial advantages are groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and soybean (Glycine max). Because organic fertilizers like vermicast and cow dung improve soil fertility, nutrient availability, and microbial activity, they can increase their growth and production. By comparing the impacts of different organic manures on groundnut and soybean growth performance, this study seeks to increase crop yield and offer insights into sustainable agriculture methods. The effects of organic fertilizers on the growth performance and physiology of Arachis hypogaea and Glycine max were investigated. This study used cow dung, vermicast, and a combination of cow dung and vermicast at three different concentrations: 45 g, 90 g, and 135 g. The following quantitative characteristics were measured: plant height, leaf area, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf number, and branch number. Both species' fresh and dry weights as well as their levels of carotenoid and chlorophyll were measured. Based on the observed quantitative characteristics, the study found that the effect of three organic fertilizer treatments on Glycine max growth increases with increasing fertilizer concentration. Of the three treatments, the application of 135 g was the most effective (69.50±41.72a), while 45 g was the lowest (0.96±0.30abc). Except for cow dung, where the 45 g (36.00±0.00a) had the highest effect on Arachis hypogaea growth performance and the 90 g treatment had the least, the same pattern was noted. Vermicast is the least effective, while the combination of cow dung and vermicast is the most successful for both Glycine max and Arachis hypogaea. The combination of vermicast and cow dung is more beneficial for Glycine max, although vermicast has the greatest effect on Arachis hypogaea's chlorophyll A and B, total chlorophyll, and carotene concentration. The most beneficial effect on the fresh (20.78±0.78a) and dry weight (4.16±0.16a) of both plant species was found in cow dung. Therefore, compared to vermicast, cow dung, and the mixture are typically more successful at promoting plant development.