Department of Electrical and Computer Engieering

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A chi-square-SVM based pedagogical rule extraction method for microarray data analysis
(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES), 2020) Salawu, Mukhtar Damola; Arowolo, Micheal Olaolu; Abdulsalam, Sulaiman Olaniyi; Isiaka, Rafiu Mope; Jimada-Ojuolape, Bilkisu; Olumide, Mudashiru Lateef; Gbolagade, Kazeem A.
Support Vector Machine (SVM) is currently an efficient classification technique due to its ability to capture nonlinearities in diagnostic systems, but it does not reveal the knowledge learnt during training. It is important to understand of how a decision is reached in the machine learning technology, such as bioinformatics. On the other hand, a decision tree has good comprehensibility; the process of converting such incomprehensible models into an understandable model is often regarded as rule extraction. In this paper we proposed an approach for extracting rules from SVM for microarray dataset by combining the merits of both the SVM and decision tree. The proposed approach consists of three steps; the SVM-CHI-SQUARE is employed to reduce the feature set. Dataset with reduced features is used to obtain SVM model and synthetic data is generated. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) is used to generate Rules as the Last phase. We use breast masses dataset from UCI repository where comprehensibility is a key requirement. From the result of the experiment as the reduced feature dataset is used, the proposed approach extracts smaller length rules, thereby improving the comprehensibility of the system. We obtained accuracy of 93.53%, sensitivity of 89.58%, specificity of 96.70%, and training time of 3.195 seconds. A comparative analysis is carried out done with other algorithms.
A Control Model of the Operating Head Dynamics of Jebba Hydropower System.
(Nigerian Journal of Technological Research (NJTR), 2019) Ogunbiyi O., Thomas C., Omeiza I. O. A. , Akanni J., Olufeagba B. J.
Electricity availability in Nigeria has been very poor over the years, underscoring the need for a better approach for managing generating resources. This paper presents the development of a dynamical model of the operating head of Jebba hydroelectric power plants for system studies and control system design. The mathematical model of the plant was developed from flow continuity conditions, some model parameters were obtained from the source while others were estimated from observations and analysis of the measured data. The developed dynamical equation was validated by comparing the response produced with values obtained by measurement. Upon integrating the model equation in the Microsoft EXCEL VBA® environment, a deviation of 2% from measured values was observed. Operators can therefore use the model as a decision support system, while control engineers can find the model directly applicable for optimal and robust control system design for the station.
A Direct Optimal Control of the Jebba Hydropower Station
(2nd International Conference of the IEEE Nigeria Computer Chapter, NigeriaComputConf, 2019) Ogunbiyi, O., Thomas, C. T., Olufeagba, B. J., Madugu, I. S., Adebiyi, B. H., & Adesina, L. M.
The optimal power generation from the Jebba hydroelectric power station is subject to the reservoir operating head, weather-related factors, units’ availability and system dynamics. In this paper, a computer control system is designed to ensure safe operation and maximize power generation. The controller is an optimal controller, which determines the amount of inflow required to regulate the reservoir operating head. The control law is an optimal control procedure developed around the steepest descent and conjugate gradient algorithm. The algorithms determine the control signal and state trajectories for the minimization of a performance index defined for the regulation of the reservoir operating head. The results show that the two techniques are feasible in estimating an optimal inflow needed to move the reservoir operating head from any level to the nominal head. The two techniques were compared under different operating conditions of the hydropower system, the conjugate gradient algorithm performs better in terms of computational time. The control algorithm is recommended for use in the realization of a computer control system for the station.
A Method of Colour-Histogram Matching for Nigerian Paper Currency Notes Classification
(Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering (JJEE), 2023) Omeiza, I. O. A., Ogunbiyi, O., Ogundepo, O. Y., Otuoze, A. O., Egbune, D. O., & Osunsanya, K.
In this paper a new algorithm for the classification of three Nigerian paper currency notes, namely 200, 500, and 1000 Naira (N) denominations is presented. The work examines the effectiveness of using only colour histograms to differentiate between the classes or denominations of the three Nigerian paper currency notes. The bin-heights of the histograms of the HSI component images for the paper currencies are used as features while a rule-based classifier designed to take advantage of the changes or variations in the histogram patterns is used to classify the paper currencies into the right denomination class. The algorithm involves the utilization of a simple and effective comparison strategy as opposed to the existing, too-rigid metrics for histogram-comparison used by other authors for color indexing in content-based image retrieval systems. Over a testing data-set of 300 samples, the algorithm achieved an average classification accuracy of 98.66%, and classification accuracies of 100%, 99% and 97% for the N=200, N=500 and N=1000 denominations, respectively. The proposed algorithm does not require extensive preprocessing of the paper-currency images and as such is fast in implementation.
A Nonlinear Control Model and Operational Support System for the Kainji Hydroelectric Power System
(2019) Ogunbiyi, O., Thomas, C. T., Omeiza, I. O. A., Akanni, J., & Olufeagba, B. J.
Over the past years, the hydropower model and control were largely based on classical and linear transfer functions, this was motivated by the available control system design techniques that were available and the desire to simplify the design procedure. Such a model is inadequate for dynamic study and design of hydropower stations in the presence of uncertainties in the water head, discharge rate, elastic water effect, travelling wave effect, large variation power output and frequency. This research, therefore, focuses on developing a nonlinear model for the Kainji hydroelectric power station. The model relies on the energy conversion principles, inflows, discharge, evaporation rate and number of units on the busbar. The parameters of the model were also estimated, and the model was validated with an error within +1.4% to -3.6%. The model is expected to be used to determine the optimal control policies for the operation of the station and the release of water to downstream.
A Nonlinear Control Model and Operational Support System for the Kainji Hydroelectric Power System.
(Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 2019) Ogunbiyi, O., Thomas, C. T., Omeiza, I. O. A., Akanni, J., & Olufeagba, B. J.
Over the past years, the hydropower model and control were largely based on classical and linear transfer functions, this was motivated by the available control system design techniques that were available and the desire to simplify the design procedure. Such a model is inadequate for dynamic study and design of hydropower station in the presence of uncertainties in the water head, discharge rate, elastic water effect, traveling wave effect, large variation power output and frequency. This research, therefore, focuses on developing a nonlinear model for the Kainji hydroelectric power station. The model relies on the energy conversion principles, inflows, discharge, evaporation rate and number of units on busbar. The parameters of the model were also estimated, and the model validated with an error within +1.4% to -3.6%. The model is expected to be used to determine the optimal control policies for the operation of the station and the release of water to the downstream.
A Progressive Domain Expansion Method for Solving Optimal Control Problem.
(TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control), 2020) Ogunbiyi, O., Ogundepo, O. Y., & Sani, M. I.
Electricity generation at the hydropower stations in Nigeria has been below the expected value. While the hydro stations have a capacity to generate up to 2,380 MW, the daily average energy generated in 2017 was estimated at around 846 MW. A factor responsible for this is the lack of a proper control system to manage the transfer of resources between the cascaded Kainji-Jebba Hydropower stations operating in tandem. This paper addressed the optimal regulation of the operating head of the Jebba hydropower reservoir in the presence of system constraints, flow requirements and environmental factors that are weather-related. The resulting two-point boundary value problem was solved using the progressive expansion of domain technique as against the shooting or multiple shooting techniques. The results provide the optimal inflow required to keep the operating head of the Jebba reservoir at a nominal level, hence ensuring that the maximum number of turbo-alternator units are operated.
A Steepest Descent Algorithm for the Optimal Control of a Cascaded Hydropower System
(International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2020) Ogunbiyi, O., Thomas, C. T., Ogundepo, O. Y., Omeiza, I. O. A., Akanni, J., & Olufeagba, B. J.
Optimal power generation along the cascaded Kainji-Jebba hydroelectric power system had been very difficult to achieve. The reservoir's operating heads are being affected by possible variations in impoundments upstream, stochastic factors that are weather-related, availability of the turbo-alternators and power generated at any time. Proposed in this paper, is an algorithm for solving the optimal release of water on the cascaded hydropower system based on the steepest descent method. The uniqueness of this work is the conversion of the infinite-dimensional control problem to a finite one, the introduction of clever techniques for choosing the steepest descent step size in each iteration and the nonlinear penalty embedded in the procedure. The control algorithm was implemented in an Excel VBA® environment to solve the formulated Lagrange problem within an accuracy of 0.03%. It is recommended for use in system studies and control design for optimal power generation in the cascaded hydropower system.
A Study of Energy Conversion at the Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station
(IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electro-Technology for National Development (NIGERCON), 2017) Thomas C. T., Akorede M. F., Ogunbiyi O., Olufeagba B. J., & Samuel S. J.
Hydroelectric power significantly contributes to the national power grid of Nigeria. This paper examined the extent of utilization of the energy supplied into each of the turboalternators at the Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station (JHEPS), Nigeria and suggests a corrective culture to be employed for improved efficiency. The basic principle of a hydropower scheme and its conversion considerations were highlighted. The daily discharge, Q, in cumecs and the power generated, P, in MW at JHEPS over a decade period (2005 – 2014) were analyzed using codes and scripts of Microsoft EXCEL-VBA. Jebba hydroelectric power station is one of the three major hydropower stations in Nigeria and the potential is just beginning to be exploited. The stochastic distribution pattern of the station is also presented for further analysis of failure and repair of the station. The conversion behavior of each unit was found to be linear and all have a value greater than 0.5 on a scale of 0.00 to 1.00. Turbo-alternator (TA) unit 1 was found to have the highest conversion characteristic of 0.9951, while unit 4 was the least at 0.6884. However unit 6 was exempted in this analysis as it was not in use during this period. The paper also gave an insight into the effective operating head of each TA, the paper also suggests the corrective measure to employ for each turbine.
AJ-Olu-1: An Innovative Path Loss Model for Typical Nigerian Urban Environments
(KIU Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2023) Akanni, J., Isa, A. A., Ogunbiyi, O., Olufeagba, B. J., & Sanni, T. A.
The modelling of outdoor path loss propagation is critical in the planning and construction of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) coverage area. For GSM signal prediction at any location inside its service region, a precise forecast based on critical characteristics and a mathematical model is required. Numerous research findings on path loss propagation model forecast for GSM mobile networks conducted in various cities in Nigeria revealed that the COST-231-Hata model gives closer prediction to most of the practical measure path loss values. Based on the existing COST-23-Hata path loss model and outdoor measurements at 1800 MHz frequency range within the Ilorin metropolis, this paper proposed a suitable path loss model. The developed model was used and validated in various locations throughout Ilorin City with the measured and COST-231 Hata models. The analysis of the results revealed that the developed model performed satisfactorily in terms of the closest path loss prediction to the practical measure path loss values at all study locations. It also has the lowest Square Root Means Error and Standard Deviation (SD) of any Base Station (BTS) tested in Ilorin, Nigeria. As a result, it is concluded that the newly developed AJ-Olu-1 model is more suitable for GSM 1800 network design and installation in Ilorin City, Nigeria, as well as other cities in Nigeria and other cities outside Nigeria with similar environments.
Assessment of Failure and Repair Behaviours of the Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station
(ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2018) Thomas, C. T., Ogunbiyi, O., Akorede, M. F., & Olufeagba, J. B.
Nigeria power generation is circa 4000 MW as at October 2016, this is far less than the national required value. Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station (JHEPS) is one of the three major hydropower stations in the country which its maximum average generation value is still less than the rated value of 578.4 MW. This paper presented some basic concepts of analysis of failure and repair. An algorithm was set up to extract the contiguous set of up-times and down-times to determine time-tofail (TTF) and time-to-repair (TTR) events, these events were analyzed for stochastic study. It was observed that the longest up time was 262 days and seen in turbo-alternator unit five, while the shortest was zero day and seen in the entire units except that of unit two. The longest downtime was 133 days and seen in the turbo-alternator of unit one, the least time-to-repair is a day and common to all the units. The frequency distributions for both TTF and TTR showed that 79% of TTF events and 57% of TTR events are distributed in the first 2 classes
Automatic Generation of Root Locus Plots for Linear Time Invariant Systems
(Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 2017) Durutoye, N., & Ogunbiyi, O.
Design and analysis of control systems often become difficult due to the complexity of the system model and the design techniques involved. This paper presents the development of a Tools Box in Microsoft Excel for control engineers that uses root locus as a time domain technique for system design and analysis. The Tool Box can also serve as a computer-aided graphical analytical tool for trainers. The work was done in two phases: the first phase is the development of programmable algorithms for root locus using the angle condition and bisection method while the second phase is the implementation of the developed algorithms. The implementation was done using Microsoft Excel (R) Visual Basic Application (VBA). Results of simulations for different systems show the potential of the Tool Box as an alternative for other software package and the ease of using it on the readily available Microsoft Excel environment.
Comparative analysis of the reliability assessment of commercial and residential feeders in the power distribution utility of Nigeria
(e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, 2024) Adesina, Lambe Mutalub; Ogunbiyi, Olalekan; Jimada-Ojuolape, Bilkisu
Reliability studies serve as valuable tools for assessing and optimizing system performance. Utilities with higher reliability indices are more likely to achieve break-even points due to significantly reduced downtime. This paper explores a comparative assessment of two 11 kV feeders supplying electricity to residential and commercial customers, addressing concerns about distribution system reliability in Nigeria and its impact on the country’s GDP. The study involves a comprehensive reliability analysis, utilizing a flowchart to outline procedural steps and employing the ETAP Software program for data analysis collected over a one-month period from a power utility company. The data encompass operational parameters such as day-hourly consumption, outage records, and network equipment data. Results indicate higher reliability indices in the commercial feeder compared to the residential feeder, with the Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI) being lower in the com- mercial feeder. The research underscores the significance of reliability assessment in improving operational efficiency, facilitating maintenance planning, and enhancing customer satisfaction.
Comparative Analysis of the Reliability Assessment of Commercial and Residential Feeders in the Power Distribution Utility of Nigeria.
(E-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, 2024) Adesina, L. M., Ogunbiyi, O., & Jimada-ojuolape, B.
Reliability studies serve as valuable tools for assessing and optimizing system performance. Utilities with higher reliability indices are more likely to achieve break-even points due to significantly reduced downtime. This paper explores a comparative assessment of two 11 kV feeders supplying electricity to residential and commercial customers, addressing concerns about distribution system reliability in Nigeria and its impact on the country’s GDP. The study involves a comprehensive reliability analysis, utilizing a flowchart to outline procedural steps and employing the ETAP Software program for data analysis collected over a one-month period from a power utility company. The data encompass operational parameters such as day-hourly consumption, outage records, and network equipment data. Results indicate higher reliability indices in the commercial feeder compared to the residential feeder, with the Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI) being lower in the com mercial feeder. The research underscores the significance of reliability assessment in improving operational efficiency, facilitating maintenance planning, and enhancing customer satisfaction.
Composite Reliability Impacts of Synchrophasor-Based DTR and SIPS Cyber–Physical Systems
(IEEE Systems Journal, 2022) Jimada-Ojuolape, Bilkisu; Teh, Jiashen
The integration of smart infrastructures that facilitate two-way communication via information and communi- cation technology (ICT) has enhanced the efficiency and sustain- ability of the power network. However, technologies, such as dy- namic thermal rating (DTR) systems and system integrity protec- tion schemes (SIPS), have disadvantages, including infrastructure failures, cyber–physical interdependencies, and cyber intrusions. These disadvantages contribute to the reduced reliability of the net- work. Comprehensive exploration of the reliability impacts of mul- tiple smart grid technologies on a single power network has not been conducted. A DTR and SIPS system integrating wide area monitor- ing functions using phasor measurement units (PMUs) is presented in this study, and the effect of ICT contingencies on network relia- bility is investigated. A Monte Carlo simulation approach and a sce- nario reduction technique are utilized in this article. This approach is evaluated on the IEEE-RTS to demonstrate the advantages of ICTs. The approach is suitable for different network topologies, in which the difference lies in the number of required PMUs. Results demonstrate that a reliable SIPS can minimize the aging process while slightly influencing load curtailment despite the increase in overall network aging due to DTR. PMU functional failures result in load loss due to loss of observability despite their high availability.
Conceptual Design and Turbine Selection for a Micro Hydropower System Using Multi-Criteria Analysis
(Faculty of Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, 2024-04-01) B. Jimada-Ojuolape; M. O. Balogum; L. M. Adesina
Nigeria has grappled with a persistent electricity supply challenge characterized by surging demand, inadequate maintenance of power generation infrastructure, and a host of other issues. This ongoing predicament has given rise to frequent power outages, compelling citizens to resort to expensive alternatives like petrol and diesel generators. Moreover, a substantial number of Nigerian households rely on motorised boreholes for their water supply. Considering these circumstances, this study proposes an innovative solution in the form of a micro hydropower system that harnesses the existing tank-borehole setups within homes to generate electricity. The primary objective of this research is to define the specifications of the central subsystem, namely the turbine, by employing the multi-criteria analysis method, thereby facilitating the practical implementation of the proposed energy generation scheme. In particular, this study delves into an evaluation of two turbine options: Pelton and crossflow turbines. The results of the analysis revealed that the crossflow turbine emerges as the most suitable choice for this application, leading to the exclusion of other turbine alternatives such as the Francis and Turgo turbines.
Conceptual Design and Turbine Selection for a Micro Hydropower System Using Multi-Criteria Analysis
(Nigerian Journal of Engineering, 2023) Jimada-Ojuolape, Bilkisu; Balogun, Monsurat; Adesina, Lambe
Nigeria has grappled with a persistent electricity supply challenge characterized by surging demand, inadequate maintenance of power generation infrastructure, and a host of other issues. This ongoing predicament has given rise to frequent power outages, compelling citizens to resort to expensive alternatives like petrol and diesel generators. Moreover, a substantial number of Nigerian households rely on motorised boreholes for their water supply. Considering these circumstances, this study proposes an innovative solution in the form of a micro hydropower system that harnesses the existing tank-borehole setups within homes to generate electricity. The primary objective of this research is to define the specifications of the central subsystem, namely the turbine, by employing the multi-criteria analysis method, thereby facilitating the practical implementation of the proposed energy generation scheme. In particular, this study delves into an evaluation of two turbine options: Pelton and crossflow turbines. The results of the analysis revealed that the crossflow turbine emerges as the most suitable choice for this application, leading to the exclusion of other turbine alternatives such as the Francis and Turgo turbines.
Customer Churn Prediction in Banking Industry Using K-Means and Support Vector Machine Algorithms
(International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Advanced Technology, 2020) Abdulsalam, Sulaiman Olaniyi; Arowolo, Micheal Olaolu; Jimada-Ojuolape, Bilkisu; Saheed, Yakub Kayode
This study proposes a customer churn mining structure based on data mining methods in a banking sector. This study predicts the behavior of customers by using clustering technique to analyze customer’s competence and continuity with the sector using k-means clustering algorithm. The data is clustered into 3 labels, on the basis of the transaction in and outflow. The clustering results were classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM), an Accuracy of 97% was achieved. This study enables the banking administrators to mine the conduct of their customers and may prompt proper strategies as per engaging quality and improve proper conducts of administrator capacities in customer relationship.
Design, Implementation and Performance Analysis of an Off-grid Solar Powered System for a Nigerian Household.
(MethodsX, 2023) Adesina, L. M., Ogunbiyi, O., & Makinde, K.
Solar panel converts direct current obtained from the sun into an alternating current which is often used in various applications. Photovoltaic (PV) power generation technology is used as a stand-alone system to bridge the power demand requirement due to increasing energy consumption. This paper aims to present the design, implementation, and performance analysis of an off-grid solar power system for a Nigerian household. A comprehensive design was done on the Solar PV systems, parts and components, and the principle of operation. The average solar irradiance of the location was obtained from the data collation centre at the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet). The method utilizes the development of a block diagram which shows the component layout and their connections and a flowchart which shows the procedure of achieving the objectives of the research. Battery efficiency, PV current measurement, current profile display and commissioning of the installed PV system formed the results. Thereafter, Implementation and performance analysis was carried out. The load demand assessment shows that the power required was 23,820 Wh per day at maximum and 11,260 Wh per day when the diversity factor was applied (Table 1). Consequently, a 3500VA inverter was selected with a battery size of 800AH. The test result showed that with a load of 11,260 Wh, the device supplied energy for about 24 hours uninterrupted. Therefore, the off-grid arrangement reduces the dependency on the grid and allows users to derive maximum satisfaction without having to rely on public power utilities.
Development of a GSM based Vehicle Demobilizer and Tracking System
(2023-12-01) Bilkisu JIMADA-OJUOLAPE; Oluwafunto SPENCER; Monsurat Omolara BALOGUN
Vehicle hijacking remains a pervasive global issue, posing heightened risks, especially when owners face armed hijackers. Concurrently, the disposal of old mobile phones contributes significantly to the escalating electronic waste (e-waste) challenge, emphasizing the imperative of responsible recycling practices. Addressing these concerns, this paper introduces a GSM-based vehicle demobilizer and tracking system, utilizing a cost-effective mobile phone connected to the device through a SIM card and operating with an NE 555 timer IC in bistable mode. In the event of a hijacking, a call to the mobile phone triggers the device, halting the vehicle. In the prototype design presented in this paper, the result of the output is represented by an LED to show that the circuitry actually works. When the device was tested, the LED illuminated when a call was placed to the mobile phone connected to the device which signifies that the circuit works and can achieve its purpose. The resulting design also shows that the vehicle owner can prevent his car from being stolen away even after it has been hijacked without self-endangerment and within a short time frame.

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