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ACTIVITY OF MOUND-BUILDING MACROTERMES BELLICOSUS (ISOPTERA: TERMITIDAE) AROUND KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS GUINEA SAVANNAH ECOZONE, NIGERIA
(2018) AJAO, Adeyemi Mufutau, OLADIMEJI, Yusuf Usman, OLADIPO, Segun Olayinka and ADEPOJU, Suraju Adesina
This study was designed to investigate Macrotermes bellicosus, nesting mounds, abundance and activity in the savannah ecological zone of Kwara State, North-Central, Nigeria. The research was conducted at four randomly selected villages around and including Kwara State University. A systematic survey of visible mounds of M. bellicosus was carried out over the entire study area. Also, the heights of mounds were measured using a measuring tape. M. bellicosus collection was conducted using baited traps consisting of cardboard, toilet tissue, wooden stakes and wood shaving. These were embedded or placed on ground within plots at a regular distance of 10 m and checked twice weekly. The samples collected per baited trap per plot per location were preserved in 90 % ethanol and identified. Similarly, survey of physically damaged items was conducted and recorded to observe termite activity. The result from the four different locations of the study showed that the number of M. bellicosus mounds in urban area was the highest in urban site (74.33 ± 5.93) and was significant when compared to the other locations. Farmland had the tallest M. bellicosus mound (17.3 cm) followed by uncultivated land mass (15 cm), while the least mean height (12 cm) was encountered at the urban area. The abundance and distribution of the M. bellicosus showed no significant difference when comparing the study locations except in urban site. Proper precautions on protection of the building and barns are recommended.
Aeromagnetic and remote sensing evidence for structural framework of the middle Niger and Sokoto basins, Nigeria
(Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Elsevier, 2020-10-01) Naheem Banji Salawu, Julius Ogunmola Fatoba, Leke Sunday Adebiyi, Jimoh Ajadi, Aliyu Saleh and Silas Sunday Dada
High resolution aeromagnetic and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data from parts of the N-S axis of the western half of Nigeria that covers the Middle Niger and Sokoto Basins provide a coherent picture for the surface expression of the linear and curvilinear features and the topography of the zone. It equally identifies the boundaries of the sedimentary basins with depths up to 950 m, thereby establishing the controlling architectural framework of the two basins. The relationship between observed structural features and lateral continuity of the Anka–Yauri–Iseyin and Kalangai–Zungeru-Ifewara shear zones and their implication on the mineral deposits in the region has been reinforced. The three-dimensional analytic signal applied to the aeromagnetic data unveiled magnetic structures and depths to magnetic basement were estimated using the source parameter imaging technique. The results identified several E-W, NW-SE, NNE-SSW and ENE-WSW trending structural features, two of which correspond to the NNE-SSW trending Anka–Yauri–Iseyin and Kalangai–Zungeru-Ifewara shear zones formed during the Pan-African orogeny. Additionally, we unravel a sedimentary pile, here called Libata-Auna sub-basin, connecting the Middle Niger and Sokoto Basins. The shred of evidence derived from both methods reveal the potential of the faults system through the crystalline and the sedimentary parts of the studied area for future minerals exploration projects.
Aeromagnetic and Resistivity Tomography Technique for Investigating Leakage Paths in Apodu Dam, Ilorin Sheet 201, Southwestern Nigeria
(THE NEXUS: A Publication of Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria (Science Edition), 2021-12-31) Olawumi, H.B., Olatunji, S., Jimoh, A. and Abubakar, H. O.
The aeromagnetic and electrical resistivity tomography technique was used to evaluate the foundation conditions and stability of the Apodu earth dam located around Malete, Ilorin Sheet 201, Southwestern Nigeria. The Aeromagnetic data set was interpreted to identify dykes, lineaments, and magnetic sources controlling subsurface geology. The extracted lineament structures were employed to examine features controlling the distribution of surface and subsurface hydraulic substances cum stability of dam slope. Magnetic lineaments' length and parallelism in some areas suggested installation under a tensional stress field along pre-existing zones of weakness.Magnetic susceptibilities are not uniform in the area and were categorized viz: high, moderate, and low. The magnetic intensity range at Apodu dam is -644.19 to 285.40 nT. The northeastern part of the study area where the Apodu dam is located shows little or no sign of faulting and appears to be more stable structurally. Characterization of the Apodu dam subsurface for seepage appraisal using electrical resistivity tomography technique revealed that the dam is well compacted at the surface but with observed low resistivity values indicative of possible occurrences of weakness zones that are water-bearing in some areas of the dam embarkment body at depths of around 8m and 25m. These observed low resistivity zones indicating a water-bearing weakness zone were connected in RTM1 and RTM2, and a possible water pathway was established. This water pathway is indicative of a possible seepage pathway and adequate measures are expected to be made to arrest the situation. In conclusion, Apodu dam is situated in a geologically stable environment as deduced from the aeromagnetic study but its earth embarkment is suspected to possess areas with possible seepages zones as obtained from the electrical resistivity techniques of investigations. There is therefore a need to quickly remedy the dam earth embankment to ensure the longevity of the dam and avert possible failure.
An Appraisal of the Barite Resources of Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria: Origin, Distribution and Economic Potentials
(International Journal of Current Research, 2017-06) Ajadi Jimoh and Ajenipa Rasaq Adeleke
The occurrence of barite mineralization in both the sedimentary and basement rocks in Cross River State shows a genetic linkage in relations to source of the metal for fluids that drain the basements. This agrees with current opinion based on isotopic and fluid inclusion data obtained by previous workers who on the basis of observed strontium data, Pb isotope composition of galena and rare earth element patterns in fluorite suggested that the basement rocks in the Benue trough or their weathered equivalents are likely sources of metal for mineralizing fluids in the Benue trough. The gentle dip of the basement rocks are believed to have generated slow migration of the fluids, a condition that is necessary to prevent quick flushing thereby allowing adequate time for enough leaching of barium from the basement rocks to form the barite deposits. The NE-SW trend of the barite veins, the identified sinistral faults as well as the fact that the barites that are associated with wall rock alteration usually display well developed crystal habits are suggestive that the barite mineralization is structurally controlled. Ore fluid formation from juvenile and circulating connate brines have been proposed for the formation of the barite deposits in Cross River State and indeed in Nigeria.
An Appraisal of the Geologic Setting in the Basement Complex Terrain Around Malete, Southwestern Nigeria: Implications on Groundwater Occurrence
(FUOYE Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2018-12-03) Ajadi Jimoh, Adeyemi Sultan Faruq, Olasunkanmi K. Nurudeen, Babalola Olufemi
In an attempt to update the geologic setting and investigate groundwater resources of Malete in Moro Local Government area of Kwara State, reconnaissance geological mapping and electrical resistivity geophysical field mapping were carried out. The lateral lithologic geometry and geologic features were established on the outcrops while the vertical extents were interpreted from resistivity sounding that involved Schlumberger electrode configuration. The lithologic units formally reported by Nigeria Geological Survey Agency as comprising migmatitic gneiss and porphyritic granite, were updated as including massive and foliated quartzites, porphyroblastic gneiss, biotite granite and other minor intrusives viz; pegmatites, aplites, and vein quartz. The granitic rocks discordantly intrude the migmatites and quartzites and mostly appear to have been caught up by tectonism at the waning stage of the Pan African orogeny as evident from the observed tectonic imprints not Nigerian older granite suites. Occurrences of intermittent pelitic bands observed to be alternating with large blocks of massive quartzitic layers suggest a sedimentary precursor for the quartzite bodies in the area. The resistivity variation ranged between 13.6 and 7740.4 Ωm and four-layer earth model which comprised sand lateritic topsoil, clayey sand, weathered basement and fresh/fractured basement were identified. The models revealed KH, HK, HA and AK types apparent resistivity curves with overburden thickness range between 0.2 and 9.6 m. The HK-type with geoelectric sequence of resistive–conductive–resistive–conductive, within quartzitic layer and thick overburden exhibit good aquifer characteristic and depict probable point for groundwater in the area.
Application of Euler and Werner deconvolution techniques in delineating tin deposit in Okeso area, Southwestern, Nigeria
(Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, 2024) I. O. Folorunso , Y. Magaji,∗ , Jimoh Ajadi , Issa Umar
The Okeso pegmatites field was evaluated using magnetic method within abandoned mining site close to the southeastern region of Ojoku area. The study aims to delineate, identify geological boundaries and determine depth of tin deposits in the area. The acquired magnetic data was enhanced with the combination of 3D Euler and Werner deconvolution methods. Five magnetic profiles were selected and carried out on the residual anomalies around the abandoned mine site at Okeso with three of the profile lines were in the NW-SE direction and two in the NE-SW direction. The residual magnetic anomalies showed the magnetic susceptibilities of ≤ 4.5118 × 10−3 nT in the ore bearing pegmatite within the basement rocks. Results from profiles of Werner deconvolution identified some shallow tectonic structures like fractures, pegmatites and faults which are capable of hosting metallic tin deposits. The depth to the magnetic source varies from a minimum to a maximum of 300 m to 1200 m below the subsurface in all selected profiles, suggesting the shallow nature of the magnetic source in the area. Additionally, the dip angle ranges from 5.60 to 81.20, potentially attributed to Pan-African shallow structures according to the contact model. Solutions obtained from the structural index of contact and dyke reveals the presence of dyke formation and boundaries which separate rocks from one another. The trend of the lineaments/ fractures which were likely established during the Pan-African orogeny is dominant in the NE-SW direction, conforms with the trends obtained for basement structures in previous studies. Depth range produced by 3D Euler deconvolution is from 50 - 1000 m for all the lineaments. This gives an insight of approximate depth range of all the lineaments/ fractures across the whole map in the study area unlike, Werner deconvolution which is profile biased. The identical signature from all profiles implies that the tin deposit is relatively uniform, extending to a great depth in the area. This represents economically viable quantity and makes it a worthy target for investors.
Application of Euler and Werner deconvolution techniques in delineating tin deposit in Okeso area, Southwestern, Nigeria
(Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, 2024-02-29) Folorunso I. O., Magaji Y., Ajadi J., Issa U.
The Okeso pegmatites field was evaluated using magnetic method within abandoned mining site close to the southeastern region of Ojoku area. The study aims to delineate, identify geological boundaries and determine depth of tin deposits in the area. The acquired magnetic data was enhanced with the combination of 3D Euler and Werner deconvolution methods. Five magnetic profiles were selected and carried out on the residual anomalies around the abandoned mine site at Okeso with three of the profile lines were in the NW-SE direction and two in the NE-SW direction. The residual magnetic anomalies showed the magnetic susceptibilities of≤4.5118×10−3nT in the ore bearing pegmatite within the basement rocks. Results from profiles of Werner deconvolution identified some shallow tectonic structures like fractures, pegmatites and faults which are capable of hosting metallic tin deposits. The depth to the magnetic source varies from a minimum to a maximum of 300 m to 1200 m below the subsurface in all selected profiles, suggesting the shallow nature of the magnetic source in the area. Additionally, the dip angle ranges from 5.60 to 81.20, potentially attributed to Pan-African shallow structures according to the contact model. Solutions obtained from the structural index of contact and dyke reveals the presence of dyke formation and boundaries which separate rocks from one another. The trend of the lineaments/fractures which were likely established during the Pan-African orogeny is dominant in the NE-SW direction, conforms with the trends obtained for basement structures in previous studies. Depth range produced by 3D Euler deconvolution is from 50 - 1000 m for all the lineaments. This gives an insight of approximate depth range of all the lineaments/ fractures across the whole map in the study area unlike, Werner deconvolution which is profile biased. The identical signature from all profiles implies that the tin deposit is relatively uniform, extending to a great depth in the area. This represents economically viable quantity and makes it a worthy target for investors.
Archaean Zircon Xenocrysts and timing of Gold Mineralization in Nigerian Schist Belts.
(CRC Press, 2024) Silas S. Dada, Jimoh Ajadi, Abdulrazaq A. Garba, Ifeanyi A. Oha, Naheem Banji Salawu and Paulinus N. Nnabo
The occurrence of xenocryst zircon cores with Paleoarchean model ages in Alagbede gold-field confirms that southwestern Nigeria is underlain by rocks of great antiquity. A Pan-African age of between 617 and 563 (590+27) Ma is proposed as the period of gold mineralization in Alagbede. The timing of the gold mineralization is related to the formation of structural lineaments and felsic magmatism. A two-phase gold mineralization is proposed with an earlier Birrimian/Eburnean and a later epigenetic Pan-African dispersal/amalgamation phase in the West Gondwana mobile belts with obvious consequences on mineral deposit preservation.
Assessment of gold mineralisation in Osu–Amuta–Itagunmodi areas, Southwestern Nigeria
(Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2020-06-22) Jerry O. Olajide-Kayode; Shakirat O. Mustapha; Akinade S. Olatunji; Olugbenga A. Okunlola
Gold is artisanally mined from eluvial deposits within Osu–Amuta–Itagunmodi areas of Ilesa Schist Belt, southwestern Nigeria. Mine site selection and mining operations are done without any understanding of mode of occurrence, compositional characteristics and extent of gold mineralisation. The present study was aimed at determining the host lithologies, extent and associated geochemical features of the gold mineralisation. Fifty rock samples were cut into thin section for examination and analysed using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Forty-eight soil samples collected from Artisanal Gold Mine (AGM) pits to a depth of 5 m (n = 9), and along defined horizontal profile lines from the mine pits (n = 39) were analysed for elemental constituents, and mineralogical compositions in vertical profile samples using ICPMS and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, respectively. The quartz-biotite schist, quartzite, talc-chlorite schist and amphibolite had Au concentration (ppb) that ranged from 1.3 to 14.4 (average 3.95), BDL–0.9 (average 0.63), 0.9–4.6 (average 2.18) and 0.5–2.7 (average 1.56), respectively. Vertical and lateral profile soil samples were Osu: 4.5–7.6 (average 6.17) and 0.9–78.8 (average 8.54); Amuta: 4.1–6.8 (average 5.2) and 2.8– 19.8 (average 7.40); and Itagunmodi 3.9–13.2 (average 7.43) and 0.5–14.8 (average 4.33). Evaluation of the horizontal profile soils revealed higher Au concentrations than the artisanal mine workings, indicating additional mineralisation potentials in the study area. Au concentrations were in the order of quartz-biotite schist > talc-chlorite schist > amphibolite >> quartzite, with anomalous concentrations detected in quartz-biotite and talc-chlorite schists. Elevated concentrations also occurred in residual soils overlying quartzite and amphibolite lithologies. Mineralisation is hydrothermal in nature, extends beyond current artisanal mine workings and has potential for further exploration. Keywords artisanal mining . Ilesa Schist Belt . hydrothermal alteration . gold mineralization potential
Assessment of Gypsum Mineralization in Edo State, South-South Nigeria.
(Records of Nigerian Geological Survey Agency (NGSA), 2011) Adeoye F. A., Oriere L. and Ajadi J.
An assessment of the gypsum deposit in Edo State was undertaken in a bid to appraise the extent, quality, quantity and economic viability of the deposit. Field studies revealed that the gypsum occurs within the grey shale and the clay shale overlying the basement around Sabongida-Ora, Afuze, Warake and Aviele areas located within the 1:50,000 sheets 283 (Ifon N.E.) and 284 (Ubiaja) areas of Edo State in the southwestern Nigeria. The mode of occurrence of the gypsum is mainly as thin flat bands and beds, vertical to sub vertical fracture-filling veins and dispersed, poorly developed granular crystals within the host shale. Mineralogical studies show that the gypsum occurs mostly in form of selenite, satinspar and gypsite while iron in form of ferrous carbonate (siderite) occurs as accessory. Chemical analysis of samples revealed that the gypsum is composed of 66% 95% Calcium Sulphate (CaSO4.2H2O) and Siderite (FeCO3) as accessory. The composition and purity of Edo gypsum indicate that it is potentially suitable for use in cement industry, POP and other construction additives.
Assessment of heavy metals concentrations in soils of Shakaya Estate dumpsite, Ilorin, Southwestern Nigeria
(Nigerian Mining and Geosciences Society (NMGS), 2022) Shakirat O. Mustapha, Jimoh Ajadi, and Bernard B. Mayaki
Indiscriminate dumping of domestic wastes has been known to adversely affect the environment and ultimately the health of humans thus leading to the study of various dumpsites in Nigeria. This study was aimed at assessing the concentration of some heavy metals within the Shagaya Estate dumpsite, Ilorin, Southwestern Nigeria to determine their level of contamination and/or pollution. Twenty representative soil samples were obtained from the dumpsite at about 20cm depth, air dried, pulverized, sieved to <63µm and analyzed for concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Selenium (Se) using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The results from the analysis were compared with average crustal value to determine level of enrichment; Geo-accummulation factor (Igeo) and Contamination Factor were calculated to determine their contamination level while Pollution Index (PI) was done to understand the pollution level of these heavy metals within the study area. Concentration ranges for selected heavy metals were; Pb (14.6-77ppm), As (0.46-1.38ppm), Cd (0.04-0.13ppm), Hg (0.04-0.13ppm) and Se (0.06-0.13ppm) which revealed the concentration of heavy metals in the order of Pb
Assessment of Index Properties and Bearing Capacities of Soils for Infrastructure Foundations in Malete, Northcentral Nigeria
(2016)
ASSESSMENT OF SOME HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL AND GROUNDWATER AROUND REFUSE DUMPSITE IN IBADAN METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
(Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 2020-01) I. O. Saheed, S. O. Azeez,, A. A. Jimoh, V. A. Obaro and S. A. Adepoju
This study reports the determination of some heavy metals’ concentration in soil and groundwater around refuse dumpsites in five locations in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Five samples were collected from each soil and ground water locations and analysed for heavy metals(Cd, Co, Pb, Cr, Zn, Mn and Ni)using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The soil samples were obtained in triplicates at 25cm depth intervals whereas the water samples were obtained from hand dug wells less than 10 m deep. The range of the values of heavy metal concentrations obtained in water is Co (0.01-0.04), Pb (0.01-0.02), Cr (0.02-0.05), Zn (0.40-0.70), Mn (0.02-0.05) and Ni (0.02-0.05), but Cadmium was not detected. The concentrations of Pb and Ni in ground water obtained from Arapaja, Aleshinloye and Alafara were higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) and Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) limits. The results obtained showed that the concentrations of Cd, Co, Pb, Ni and Cr in soil exceeded the WHO and SON permissible limits. However, Zn and Mn were below the limit.
Assessment of the quality of soils around artisanal gold mine pits in Osu and Itagunmodi areas, Southwestern Nigeria.
(International Medical Geology Association, 2018-12-12) Shakirat O.Mustapha; Jerry O. Olajide-Kayode; Akinade S. Olatunji
Biostratigraphy and Palaeoecological Studies of the Late Cretaceous-Tertiary Sediments in the Dahomey Basin, Nigeria
(European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences, 2022-07-25) Saadu, Bolaji Mariam; Jimoh, Ayoola Yusuf; Adekeye, Adeleye Olabisi; Issa, Ayinde Taofeeq
The Maastrichtian–Eocene sediments (mainly shales and limestones) penetrated by the Itori borehole and Ilaro boreholes in the Dahomey Basin were investigated for foraminiferal biostratigraphy and palaeoecological interpretation. These boreholes penetrated Araromi, Ewekoro, and Oshosun formations at varying depths. Selected shale sediments were subjected to foraminiferal analysis and many planktonic and benthic species of foraminifera (agglutinated and calcareous) were recovered from the Cretaceous interval of the penetrated boreholes. Twelve species of planktic foraminifera (Globalomalina planocompressa, G. pseudomenardii, Globigerina inaequispira, Acarinina cf.coalingenis, Acarinina nitida, Chiloguembelina cretacea, chiloguembelina subtriangularis, Orthokasrstenia sp., Hedbergella holmdelensis, Globigerina sp., Globigerinelloids asperus, Morozovella formosa formosa) and thirteen species of benthic i.e Bolivina sp., B. Crassicostata, , E. africana, Eponides psuedoelevatus, Gavelinella cf. guineana, Gavelinella pachysuturalis, Haplophragmiodes sp., Lenticulina cyprina, L. inornata, L. olokuni, L. psuedomamilligera, L. taylorensis, Nonionella communis, N. spissa, N. panamensis, Orthokarstenia sp., Planulina oyae) were identified. In general, benthic species of infauna deposit feeder and epifauna dominate the population. These species occupy a range of environments from dyoxic to anoxic, brackish water to marsh environment down to upper bathyal depth. Based on the abundant and stratigraphical distribution of the foraminiferal species, four biostratigraphic zones were recognized: Afrobolivina afra zone of late Maastrichtian, Globigerina zone of early Paleocene, Globalomalina pseudomenardii zone of late Paleocene and Morozovella formosa formosa zone of the early Eocene.
Biostratigraphy and Palaeoecological Studies of the Late Cretaceous-Tertiary Sediments in the Dahomey Basin, Nigeria
(European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences, 2022-07-25) Mariam B. Saadu, Ayoola Y. Jimoh, Olabisi A. Adekeye, and Taofeeq A. Issa
The Maastrichtian–Eocene sediments (mainly shales and limestones) penetrated by the Itori borehole and Ilaro boreholes in the Dahomey Basin were investigated for foraminiferal biostratigraphy and palaeoecological interpretation. These boreholes penetrated Araromi, Ewekoro, and Oshosun formations at varying depths. Selected shale sediments were subjected to foraminiferal analysis and many planktonic and benthic species of foraminifera (agglutinated and calcareous) were recovered from the Cretaceous interval of the penetrated boreholes. Twelve species of planktic foraminifera (Globalomalina planocompressa, G. pseudomenardii, Globigerina inaequispira, Acarinina cf.coalingenis, Acarinina nitida, Chiloguembelina cretacea, chiloguembelina subtriangularis, Orthokasrstenia sp., Hedbergella holmdelensis, Globigerina sp., Globigerinelloids asperus, Morozovella formosa formosa) and thirteen species of benthic i.e Bolivina sp., B. Crassicostata, , E. africana, Eponides psuedoelevatus, Gavelinella cf. guineana, Gavelinella pachysuturalis, Haplophragmiodes sp., Lenticulina cyprina, L. inornata, L. olokuni, L. psuedomamilligera, L. taylorensis, Nonionella communis, N. spissa, N. panamensis, Orthokarstenia sp., Planulina oyae) were identified. In general, benthic species of infauna deposit feeder and epifauna dominate the population. These species occupy a range of environments from dyoxic to anoxic, brackish water to marsh environment down to upper bathyal depth. Based on the abundant and stratigraphical distribution of the foraminiferal species, four biostratigraphic zones were recognized: Afrobolivina afra zone of late Maastrichtian, Globigerina zone of early Paleocene, Globalomalina pseudomenardii zone of late Paleocene and Morozovella formosa formosa zone of the early Eocene.
Carbonate microfacies, Diagenesis and Reservoir potential analysis of the Gongila Limestone, Gongola Basin, Nigeria.
(Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Science, 2012) Ojo, O.J., Adepoju, S.A., and Akande, S.O.
Characterisation of soils derived from different parent rocks from north central Nigeria
(2018)
Mineralogy and geotechnical properties of residual lateritic soils derived from sandstone and migmatite–gneiss (MG) were compared. The aim was to determine the influence of the parent rock geology of sandstone and MG on their engineering properties. This was done using the statistical method of Student’s t-test. Thin sections show that the MG samples are rich in feldspars and micas with up to 45 and 23% modal estimates, respectively. The dominant clay mineral in the two soils was kaolinite, while the dominant oxides were silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide and ferric oxide. The silica/sesquioxide ratio of the MG-derived soils (MGS) ranged from 1·7 to 3·2 while those of sandstonederived soils (SS) were 2·9–6·6. SS samples which contained essentially quartz grains exhibited better compaction characteristics, higher California bearing ratio and lower plasticity than MGS. Better engineering properties exhibited by SS can be attributed to the high quartz content present in the parent rock. Feldspars and micas present in MG are weathered into plastic and hydrophilic clay minerals. These are likely to have a negative impact on the engineering properties of the derived soils. Statistical treatment of all determined engineering parameters showed significant differences in all cases except in relation to specific gravity, permeability and compressibility.
Characterisation of soils derived from different parent rocks from north central Nigeria
(2018)
Mineralogy and geotechnical properties of residual lateritic soils derived from sandstone and migmatite–gneiss (MG) were compared. The aim was to determine the influence of the parent rock geology of sandstone and MG on their engineering properties. This was done using the statistical method of Student’s t-test. Thin sections show that the MG samples are rich in feldspars and micas with up to 45 and 23% modal estimates, respectively. The dominant clay mineral in the two soils was kaolinite, while the dominant oxides were silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide and ferric oxide. The silica/sesquioxide ratio of the MG-derived soils (MGS) ranged from 1·7 to 3·2 while those of sandstonederived soils (SS) were 2·9–6·6. SS samples which contained essentially quartz grains exhibited better compaction characteristics, higher California bearing ratio and lower plasticity than MGS. Better engineering properties exhibited by SS can be attributed to the high quartz content present in the parent rock. Feldspars and micas present in MG are weathered into plastic and hydrophilic clay minerals. These are likely to have a negative impact on the engineering properties of the derived soils. Statistical treatment of all determined engineering parameters showed significant differences in all cases except in relation to specific gravity, permeability and compressibility
Characterization of Petrophysical Properties of Reservoirs in Bima Formation, Northeastern Nigeria: Implication for Hydrocarbon Exploration
(Minna Journal of Geosciences, 2021-12-01) Omolaiye, G.E., Ajadi, J., Olatunji, S., Jimoh, A.Y. and Ubulom, D.E.N.
Characterization of petrophysical properties of reservoirs in Bima Formation was undertaken to understand their spatial distribution and impacts on hydrocarbon saturation in the highly heterolithic siliciclastic sequence. The study was carried out using nine well logs from Maiduguri and Baga/Lake sub-basins within the Borno Basin. Evaluation of the formation reveals largely undifferentiated to highly serrated and lenticular sand bifurcated by shale beds, which reduced their thicknesses variably from 0.61 to 6.1 m. The shale content in the sand bodies ranged from 11.00% to 88.00%. The formation also has variable porosity values, with calculated total porosity ranged from 10.00% to 35.00%. Similarly, effective porosity values spanned between 2.00 to 24.00%. The irregular porosity values also accounted for a wide range of field average permeability estimates computed for the formation, which measured between 0.03 to 319.49mD. Hydrocarbon saturation also varied from 40.00 to 78.00%. Gas accumulation was encountered in Ga-1, Da-1, Ar-1 and Ye-1 wells. These highly thin serrated sand beds with variable porosity and permeability constitute exploration challenges. The very thinly laminated or serrated alternation of sand and shale beds lithofacies of the Bima Formation is supportive of fluvio-lacustrine depositional environments.

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