Faculty of Management and Social Sciences

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Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis
(American Academic & Scolarly Research Journal, 0013-01-01) Yaqub Jameelah .Omolara, Adam Shehu Lukman, Jimoh Ayodele
The integration of Nigeria with the global economy increased since the 1990s with greater inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI is assumed to benefit a developing economy by supplementing domestic investment, generating employment and through the transfer of technology. Studies on the impact of foreign capital on the Nigerian economy, like those of other developing countries remain inconclusive. Most of these studies ignored the possibility of bi-directional causality between foreign direct investment and economic growth. This paper therefore examines the impact of FDI on economic growth in Nigeria, using Vector Auto-regression (VAR) modelling to capture the structure of inter-relationships among relevant variables. The empirical analysis shows that FDI does not granger cause economic growth. Moreover it could not be established that FDI is a statistically important determinant of real GDP in Nigeria. Growth in real GDP is mostly explained by its own shocks. The implication of this is that the policy linkage between real GDP and FDI is weak and there is need for policy to ensure provision of adequate infrastructure in order to maximise the potential benefit of FDI in Nigeria. Keywords: Foreign Direct investment, Economic growth, Nigeria, Empirical analysis, Openness.
Rethinking Entrepreneurship for Sustainability: An Application of the Spirit, Body and Soul (SBS) Model to Developing Economies
(Pioneer Publishers, 0025-04-10) Muritala Awodun, Lukman Adam
Entrepreneurship has truly driven the developed economies to growth and development, and the case of developing economies cannot be different. Despite the huge population and natural resource dominance of these economies, development in terms of infrastructure and growth has been distorted. This paper takes a critical look at the understanding of the concept of entrepreneurship with the aim of ensuring sustainable entrepreneurship in the developing economies. To achieve this, the paper examines the SBS model of entrepreneurship relating its applicability to the developing economies for there to be any form of sustainable development. Following the lead of scholars such as Baumol (1968); Dees (2001); Coyne & Leeson (2004); Austin et.al. (2006); Baumol & Strom (2007) Desai & Acs (2007); Schumpeter (2008); Boettke & Coyne (2009); Kirzner (2009); Simons et. al. (2011); Desai (2013); Lucas & Fuller (2015); Hippel (2017), the paper adopted the approach of giving ‘life’ to entrepreneurship through the application of the spirit, body and soul (SBS) model, where entrepreneurship or being enterprising is likened to the human ‘body’, entrepreneurial to the ‘spirit’, and entrepreneurialism to the ‘soul’ with the submission that sustainable entrepreneurship must connect the trio in the entrepreneur who is the ‘person’ that creates the product and the enterprise, as the ‘business’ that work in partnership to create sustainable development. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Sustainability, Development, Developing Economies, SBS model
Corruption and state capacity in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross country analysis
(0217) Akande, Rashidat Sumbola
Corruption has been a major hindrance to the development of most African states. Corruption in governance can distort policymaking and therefore affect state capacity. The capacity of the state is divided into the extractive (fiscal capacity) and productive capacity (legal capacity). This study focused on the extractive capacity and did a cross-country regression analysis using panel data across the Sub-Saharan Africa region to explore the fixed and random effect specification of the variables. The result obtained indicated that corruption has a negative influence on the fiscal capacity (measured as tax revenue) of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper also showed that corruption alone might have no significant effect on tax revenue if governance is not included. This implies that good governance is a very important determinant of state capacity, and it is highly correlated with corruption. The result suggests that good governance which includes its key requirements of accountability, transparency, political stability, and rule of law, will improve the fiscal capacity of a state, as this will make corruption difficult to take root.
THE EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON ECONOMY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
(Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK, 0321-10-30) Adeoye Afolabi
Impact of Digital Marketing Communication on customer loyalty.
(Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria, 2003-12-18) Alao, Muritala Arowolo
The research examines the influence of digital marketing communication on customer loyalty of commercial banks. The research analyses social media marketing influence on customer loyalty of commercial bank users, and examine the influence of email marketing on customer trust. The research focused on existing and potential customers of commercial banks within Osun central senatorial district. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study in which a structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the target respondents who are customers of commercial banks in Osun central senatorial district with sample size of 385. Descriptive and inferential statistic was used in analysing data and multi nominal regression was used to test the hypotheses. This result shows that the more spending on digital marketing communication, the more the intensity of customer loyalty. This implies that the more the intensity of digital marketing, the more customers are informed of services and are persuaded to patronize and loyal to a particular commercial bank.
THE ROLE OF RACIAL HARMONY IN NATION BUILDING
(2004) Abdul Rauf Ambali
A Reflection on the Challenges in Nigerian Agricultural Policies and the Way Forward
(Journal of Administrative Science, 2005) Abdul Rauf Ambali; Asimiyu Olalekan MURANA
his study examines the Nigerian Agricultural Policies before and after independence. The paper employs secondary source of collecting data. The study reveals that despite the soundness of most of the Nigerian Agricultural Policies, there is a real short fall between the expectations and results. It also identified some of the challenges of the reviewed policies which have been hitherto affecting the translation of these ambitious policy documents into realities. Based on the findings of this paper, it was recommended that government should redouble its efforts in implementing various policies and programmes, adopting a consistent policy measures, avoiding unjustifiable policy reversals, partnering with relevant inter-governmental organizations in order to attract the much-needed private sector capital injections into the agricultural sector, as well as increasing the expertise to make the sector become the engine of growth in Nigeria.
The Impact of Economic Development on Water Pollution: Trends and Policy Actions in Malaysia
(Springer Science + Business Media, B.V. 2007, 2006-08-09) Suleyman A. Muyibi; Abdul Rauf Ambali
The paper examines the impact of development activities on water pollution in Malaysia. Hence, the main objective of this paper is not just to examine the trends of development-induced water pollution around the region of the country but to know where the problems are and the policy measures taken by the government. It evaluates the probable causative relationship between problems introduced due to technology employed in water pollution control and governmental policy measures. It examines the relationship between development indicators as sources of pollution and polluted rivers over a period of 12 years. The findings of the paper have shown that despite the policy enforcement actions against the identified sources of water pollution, all the three development indicators (chosen based on those identified sources) still accounted for high percentage of river pollution in Malaysia. The findings of the paper were used to identify the central fact of the location of the problem. Some crucial conclusions of where the problems likely to be, as reflected in the findings, are: (a) the issue of interactive-effects between pollutants that many policy-makers are not aware of. This is when policy measures concentrate only on one source of water pollution; (b) the enforcement strength and/or effectiveness of policy measures themselves; (c) financial constraints to invest in appropriate technology especially sewerage systems for controlling human source of water pollution in the country; as well as those confronting small polluting industries (d) finally, lack of cooperation between government and private business firms to comply with regulatory policies for water pollution control.
Development-Induced Water Pollution in Malaysia: Policy Planning, Instruments for Protection and Emerging Issues
(European Journal of Social Sciences, 2007-04-07) Professor. Abdul Rauf Ambali
Development program is primarily the target of any government to uplift the standard of life of its people. However, in the course of these developmental programs, the basic unit of life upon which the people depends, especially water resources, becomes the price for the costs of such development activities. Hence, this is considered as trade-off between development program, which is compulsory, and degradation of environmental resources at large. The paper, therefore, examined the strategic policy planning and instruments used by the government to balance between these environmental resources and development, with special reference to water. In the course of this investigation, various environmental integration policies with development plans were examined. In addition, the strategic instruments such as polluter-pay principle, contravention licence, effluent standards and the issues associated with each of them, which are likely to affect the policy implementation procedures and/or jeopardize the objectives of the policy programs for pollution abatement were examined.
Globalization and the Performance of Banks
(2008-01-01) Adam Shehu Lukman
Externality Effects of Sachet Water Consumption and the Choice of Policy Instruments in Nigeria: Evidence from Kwara State
(2010) M. Adetunji Babatunde; M. Ilias Biala
AN OVER VIEW OF ETHNIC MILITIAS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA: NIGERIA AS A CASE STUDY
(2010) Alabi Salihu Hammed
Africa is one of the most diversified cultural continent in the world. While such extensive diversity is not unique to Africa, given the geographical size of the continent as the second largest continent in the world; the profusion of this cultural variation sometimes gives the impression of unending differences. Africa unending conflicts reveal a tragic exposition of human tragedy. This is because ethnicity induced conflict in Africa keep on recurring in various part of the continent, one fact that must be accepted is that, with the emergence of nation- states at the demise of colonialism, people of different ethnic backgrounds were lumped together and this historical antecedent has continue to feature prominently in Africa politics. Ethnic group with large numbers were put together with those with not so large in number, hence almost every African country has majority and minority. Such ethnic groups persistently cry of disparity or unequal treatment by the government or state with their counterparts in the polity. They form impression that they are denied their fair share in the areas of political participation. Nigeria with a large number of ethnic groups. inequalities among them are size, education and access to state power and resources. There are highly developed and fractionalized indigenous bourgeoisie, which made her ethnic situation perhaps the most complicated in Africa. Some of the ethnic and religious militants have constituted themselves into private armies thereby creating serious ethnic conflicts. This study, therefore, relies on context analysis as its methodology to examine ethnic militias in Africa with particular reference to Nigeria. It also examines the effects of ethmic conflicts on the country's search for unity, and identifies the possible issues for resolution. The study also proffered suggestions on how to curb ethnic conflicts in Nigeria.
SMOKING AND ITS CHALLENGES FOR THE PEOPLE IN THE SOCIETY
(GOOD LUCK ILORIN, 2010-03-10) ALFABANNI TUNDE AHMED
THE BOOK EXPLAINED THE GAP BETWEEN AGAPE AND FAKE LOVE IN THE LIFE OF HUMAN BEING..
THE EFFECT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: HALO OR HAVEN? EMPHASIS ON CO2 ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSION
(Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2010-10-15) Adam, Shehu Usman; Turkahan, Ali Abdul Manap
Although data on single-country environmental indicators exist in short-span leading to the use of cross-section or panel data by most related studies, there has been attempts to understand country-specific analysis of FDI-Environment nexus. This study explores the relationship between FDI and the operations of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) on sustainable development in Nigeria- the major destination for FDI inflow to West Africa. Using CO2 emission as the measure of environmental degradation, we employ annual data spanning from 1970 through 2005 to investigate whether the “pollution haven” or “pollution halo” scenario holds in Nigeria. By applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration to examine the nature of the relationship, we found that FDI is negatively related to CO2 emission. This suggests a scenario of “pollution halo”; implying that if CO2 is considered a measure of environmental degradation, more FDI inflow is beneficial and compatible with sustainable development since we found no evidence for “pollution haven” for the aggregate FDI inflows to all sectors. We suggest future research in this area to employ sector-specific data on FDI inflow so that a direct delineation could be made between the environment-degenerating and environment-benign destinations of FDI inflows to Nigeria. Besides, other measures of environmental quality such as water pollution and the destruction to aquatic habitat, most especially in the South-South region of Nigeria, could also be explored since the result from this study may not be generalized for other measures of environmental quality (Deacon and Norman, 2006). The unique contribution of this study lies in the fact that, it is the first single-country focused study to examine FDI-Environment nexus for the case of Nigeria.
Re-investigating the Tenability of Environmental Kuznets Curve for Carbon Dioxide Emission: An ARDL Cointegration Approach for Nigeria
(2011) Adam, Shehu Usman; Rafia, Afroz; Jarita, Duasa; Turkhan, Ali Manap
Environmental economics takes into consideration on issues such as the conservation and valuation of natural resources, pollution control, waste management and recycling, and the efficient creation of emission standards. Economics provides important tool to make decisions about the use, conservation, and protection of natural resources because it provides information about choices people make, the costs and benefits of various proposed measures and the likely outcome of environmental policies. Since environment and economy are interdependent, there have been extensive studies conducted on the relationship between economic development and environmental quality. Chapter 1 of this book test the well-known Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis on Nigeria, using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration approach.
INDEPENDENT NATIONAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION (INEC) AND THE CONDUCT OF 2011 ELECTION IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM SHIFT
(International Journal of Politics and Good Governance, 2011-06-05) Alabi Abdulahi & Sakariyau Rauf T
It is an established fact that Nigerian’s electoral process has always been marred with irregularities; the 2011 election is a paradigm shift in the history of electioneering in the country. Though some challenges were encountered in the conduct of the elections, INEC was given a pass mark by both local and international observers and thus made the general election a watershed. This makes it imperative in this paper to examine the conduct of the 2011 general elections in Nigeria. The paper infers that if the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) can be built out of political influence and move away from status quo where a political party dominates the constitution of drivers of INEC there is every tendency that there will be a better conduct of election in the future. The paper taps various means of getting relevant materials to put this study together for onward academic utilization and to reshape the conduct of Nigeria’s forthcoming general elections. KEY WORDS: Election, Paradigm, Democracy, Sustainability.
Paradigmatic Change and Wealth Creation
(2011-12) Awodun Muritala, Oyedele John, Adam Lukman
It is long settled that economic growth, especially when sustainable is a necessary condition for development, Growth theories are also often discussed within the context of macro economics. This study fills this analytical gap, rally therefore, most applied studies on economic growth limit their analytical horizon to the national and subnational level thereby ignoring the mass of the population where the daily to day economic activities take place. The objective is to determine whether or not the exogenous and the endogenous growth theories apply to a subnational entity of Kwara State of Nigeria, with a population of over three million. Using the case study method, the indicators of growth were in terms of specific projects undertaken in the state between 2003 and 2011 were reviewed. Findings show that the Neoclassical theory of growth aptly explains growth in output and wealth experienced by the state during the period under review. The study recommends that the state must sustain the focus on getting results rather than worrying about constraints. Keywords: Neoclassical, Exogenous, Endogenous, Pragmatic
A Primer in Public Policy Analysis Techniques and Methods
(Published by: IIUM Press International Islamic University Malaysia, 2012) Garoot Suleiman Eissa; Abdul Rauf Ambali
A Primer in Public Policy Analysis Techniques and Methods
(©IIUM Press, IIUM, 2012) Garoot Suleiman Eissa; Abdul Raufu Ambali
This is a concise introductory text for undergraduates at the advanced level, produced for the main purpose of presenting a field of knowledge that is judged as difficult and requiring much preparation in economics and quantitative methods in a manner that is simple and conducive to student learning. Textbooks in this field are generally considered difficult by students at this level of instruction. Nonetheless, the present text discusses the most central issues in policy analysis, in simple terms and reviews the basic techniques employed to guide analysis. However, the book may also prove useful in another dimension: the use of local examples and cases in addition to the authors’ own examples which would serve to ease students’ comprehension. Popular texts such as Dunn (1994) or Weimer and Vining (1999) often address American readers and use American examples throughout. Another book on welfare economics is also required at the undergraduate level but one which we usually use in postgraduate classes. The need for a primer on the subject thus appears timely. The first chapter of this book defines, rationalizes and explains public policy as well as the practice of public policy analysis. The second chapter discusses relevant issues as a useful background to policy analysis: the policymaking process and the place of policy analysis in it; policy analysis as welfare economics; policy analysis as rational choice; and finally, policy analysis in political decision making. The authors are of the opinion that policy analysis is a combination of all of these approaches. Chapter three is the first chapter pertaining to the process of analysis; it handles problem analysis, which includes problem identification, problem definition, problem structuring and problem modeling. The fourth chapter seeks to explain the techniques and methods of forecasting, classified under quantitative or qualitative techniques. Forecasting is central to policy analysis because the consequences of policies, aimed at finding solutions to social problems, and since it involves the future, it is important to speculate about the future.
AN ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION IN KWARA STATE: A STUDY OF BARUTEN AND ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENTS (1999-2007)
(LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2012, 2012-03-12) Rashida Adamu Oyoru

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