Department of Agricutural Extension Services

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    Participants Perception of Special Rice Project Activities on Rice Production in Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Nigerian Journal of Rural Extension and Development, 2010-07) IF Ayanda, JA Akangbe, EO Fakoya
    The study was undertaken in Edu and Patigi Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kwara State to characterize activities of Special Rice Project (SRP), socio economic characteristics of the participants in SRP, determine participants’ perception of relevance of SRP activities and identified changes in yield of rice due to SRP activities. Through a two - stage random sampling technique, 102 participants in SRP were randomly selected and data collected by means of structured interview schedule. Some of the SRP activities include technology demonstration, inputs supply, financial assistance and provision of information on land preparation. The study showed that 41.1% of the participants were in the age bracket of 31-40 years while 66.7% of them possessed one form of formal education. Participants in SRP cultivated an average farm size of 2.6 hectares and recorded average yield of 3.34 tonnes/hectare. A significant difference exists between average rice yield of participants before and after the introduction of SRP (3.843, P < 0.05). Participants recorded income of N338, 700.00 per annum or N28, 225.00 per month. Based on the empirical evidence of this study, the Special Rice Project activities increased the rice yield of the beneficiaries; therefore, scope of SRP should be expanded to cut across all rice farmers in the country.
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    EFFECTS OF THE SPECIAL RICE PROJECT ON QUALITY OF INPUTS USED FOR RICE PRODUCTION IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
    (Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts, 2011) IF AYANDA, JO AKANGBE, EO FAKOYA, BG ABIONA
    The study was carried out in Edu and Patigi Local Government Areas of Kwara State. Through a two stage random sampling technique, 70 participants in Special Rice Project (SRP) were selected from 6 circles in Patigi Local Government Area (LGA) and another 32 participants were similarly selected from 3 extension circles in Edu LGA, making a total of 102 respondents. Data collected by means of interview schedule were subjected to descriptive, t-test and Pearson Correlation Statistics. The result of the study indicated that 86.7%, 91.3%, 90.3% of the participating farmers in SRP rated seed, her- bicide and fertilizer respectively, provided by SRP, to be of very good quality while 19.6%, 49% and 58.8% of them rated seed, herbicide and fertilizer used before they joined SRP to be of very good quality. Furthermore, the highest proportion of participants 90 (88.3%) produced 3 - 4 tonnes of paddy rice per hectare as opposed to 19 .6% of them who were able to produce 3-4 tonnes before SRP was implemented. Participants also recorded an average annual income of N338,700.00 (US$2,419.29) / annum, that is, US$6.63/day, as against N129,410.00 (US$9,24.4)/annum earned by them before SRP was implemented. Thus, participants earned about US$6.63/day, which is higher than poverty income level of US$2/day. The result of the t-test analysis indicated that a significant difference exists between the rice yield of participants before and after the introduction of SRP (t=4.537, p≤0.05). Also Pearson Correlation analysis shows positive, linear and significant relationship between quality of farm inputs used and yield of rice (r = 0.562, p≤ 0.05). Based on the evidence from the study, Special Rice Project has the potential to serve as a good channel of accessing quality farm inputs, increase farm yield and income of farmers and contribute to Millennium Development Goal of reducing poverty level by 2015. It is, therefore, recommended that the activities of SRP are expanded to reach all categories of farmers in the country
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    PIPELINE VANDALISATION AND FARMERS’ SITUATION: EXPOSITION FROM OBAFEMI OWODE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
    (Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts, 2011) O OYEKUNLE, OT ONIFADE, I F AYANDA, AS AMUSAT
    The study assessed the effects of pipeline vandalisation on the socio-economic life and activities of farmers in Obafemi Owode Local Government Area of Ogun State. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 80 farmers from the affected villages in the Local Govern- ment Area. Primary data were obtained with interview guide. Chi-Square was used to analyze the data collected. The mean age of the farmers was 43.37 years and 78.7% were male. Majority (76.3%) were married while 61.2% were Christians. More than half (57.5%) had no formal education and they cultivated an average of 4.94 hectares of land. Most (92.0%) of the farmers operated on full time basis. Nearly all the farmers (97.5%) were aware of the incidents of pipeline vandalisation in their area. Efforts of the farmers at reducing the menace included warning messages through town criers, reporting cases to the law enforcement agents, threat of killing the vandals and the use of “charms” to scare the vandals. Majority (52.5%) claimed that the efforts made by the farmers and the government had no effect on the incident of pipeline vandalisation. Farmers’ perceived effect of pipeline vandalisa- tion on their activities and livelihood included non-availability of labor due to the youths’ involvement in the practice (82.5%), destruction of farmlands (76.25%) and pollution of rivers and atmosphere (65.0%). Farmers were constrained by corrupt law enforcement agents in charge of surveillance, un- cooperative attitude of fellow farmers, non-challant attitude of the government and lack of fund to or- ganize campaigns against pipeline vandalisation. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between pipeline vandalisation and farmers’ agricultural production. It was concluded that pipeline vandalisation was a regular occurrence in the study area and that it constituted a health hazard and posed a problem to the environment as well as the agricultural activities of the farmers.
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    ANALYSIS OF MULTIMEDIA CHANNELS OF INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO FISH FARMERS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
    (Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts, 2011) O OYEKUNLE, OJ OLAOYE, OA LAWAL-ADEBOWALE, IF AYANDA
    Fish farmers in Nigeria lack adequate information and their production capacity is low. The study ana- lyzed the multimedia channels of information available to fish farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. Multi- stage sampling techniques was used to select 120 fish farmers in the study area. Primary data were obtained with interview schedule. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data collected. Most of the farmers (97.5%) were male and married. Many (43.3%) had primary education while 30.9% had no formal education. Majority (76.1%) had radio sets while 45.3% and 28.3% had television and phone respectively. Farmers’ accessibility to information was high in radio (79.2%) and extension agents (73.3%) but low in television, flyers, trainings, phone, internet and fellow farmers. Most of the farmers (85.0%) preferred extension agents, radio (71.6%) and television (68.3%) as their source of information on fish farming. Majority (80.0%) preferred Yoruba as the language of broadcast and pub- lications, 16.7% preferred English while 3.3% preferred Igbo. Most (83.3%) of the farmers regarded lack of electricity as the foremost constraint to their access to information on media. Other constraints identified were non-relevance of information to farmers’ felt needs (73.3%), feedback problem (60.0%), inadequate fund (40.8%) and illiteracy (23.3%). Chi-square analysis showed a significant association at p ≤ 0.05 between farmers’ choice of information channels and age (π2=19.60), educational level (π2=39.82), years of farming (π2 = 20.48), income (π2 = 34.03), and media related constraints (π2 = 6.92). The study established that age, educational level, years of farming, annual income and con- straints experienced by the farmers played significant roles in their choice and use of information channels, and that, farmers have more access to extension agents as channel of information. It was recommended that more information on fish farming should be provided through the multimedia and be based on farmers’ felt needs. More extension workers should be employed and trained while phone-in radio and television programmes should be regularly aired and viewing centres and radio groups established in strategic locations.
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    Agricultural Researchers’ Awareness of the Causes and Effects of Climate Change in Edo State, Nigeria
    (Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012) Tajudeen Oyekunle Banmeke; Olugbenga Emmanuel Fakoya; Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda
    The study assessed Agricultural researchers’ awareness of the causes and effects of climate change in Edo State, Nigeria. Data for the study were collected from 112 respondents and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicated that 45.5% of the respondents were between the ages of 31-50 years with 64.2% having a work experience of 5-10 years. Results revealed that 96.4% and 94.6% of the respondents were aware of gas flaring and oil spillage as causes of climate change. Also, 98.2% and 95.5% of the respondents were aware of increase in temperature and change in rainfall pattern respectively as some of the effects of climate change. There was a significant relationship between information sources and awareness of causes of climate change (r = 0.32; p < 0.05). It was recommended that agricultural researcher should be pragmatic and proactive in the pursuit of issues relating to climate change.
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    Farmers’ perception of climate change and effects on crop production in Ogun state, Nigeria
    (AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, 2012) IF Ayanda, O Oyekunle, FM Olooto, F Ochebgudu
    The study investigated the perceived changes in climate, crop yield and examined the coping strategies of farmers. Through a three-stage sampling technique, 192 farmers were randomly selected as respondents. Data collected by means of structured interview schedule were analyzed using percentages, frequencies, and Pearson Correlation statistics. The result of the study revealed that 41.7% of the respondents were between 31-40 years with an average age of 36.07 years. More than half of the famers strongly agreed that the amount of rainfall in recent time is on the decrease while 47.8% of the respondents strongly agreed that the timing of the rainfall is not favourable for the cultivation of arable crops. Also, 55.7% of the respondents noticed a shorter rainy season accompanied by flood while 40% of them observed a gradual spread of drought in the state. In addition, about half of the respondents reported an increase in the ambient temperature. Most of the respondents (67.5%) strongly agreed that there was a reduction in crop yield. Therefore it was recommended that the farmers should intensify the use of fadama with irrigation facilities while research should concentrate on massive production of pests, disease and drought tolerant species of crops which are currently in short supply.
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    Effects Of Special Rice Project On Rice Production In Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Global journal of agricultural research, 2013) IF Ayanda, JA Akangbe, BA Achem, JO Animashaun
    he perception of climate change as a hazard will influence people’s response to it. This study examined farmers’ perception of temperature and rainfall between 1980 and 2009, and how age, sex, education and household size correlated with climate change perception. Simple random sampling with proportionate representation was used to determine sample size (411) from a sampling frame of 6000 farmers. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection and this was supplemented with interview of key informants. Temperature and rainfall records of Makurdi Meteorological Station were used as proxy for the study area. Data were analysed using regression and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Results showed an increasing trend in temperature and rainfall amount, rainfall unpredictability, corroborated by majority of the farmers’ perception. Bush burning, tree cutting and sinful behaviour were ranked as leading causes of climate change. Sex was significantly related to climate change perception and adaptation. Age, sex education and household size had significant impacts on the farmers’ perception of climate change effect on social, biological and eco-system functions. In conclusion, rural farmer s correctly perceived the changes in the climate. It was recommended that demographic attributes of farmers and farming communities should be incorporated into climate change awareness and adaptation policies.
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    Constraints associated with cultivation and utilization of soyabean by farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria
    (Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2014) O Oyekunle, OT Onifade, IF Ayanda, AS Amusat, KK Bolarinwa
    This study identified the constraints associated with the cultivation and utilization of soyabeans by farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents for the study. Primary data were obtained with interview guide. Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Chi-Square were used to analyze the data collected. Results showed that the mean age of the respondents was 54.8years and majority (75.0%) were male. Majority (64.2%) were married while 65.0% were literate. Thirty five percent (35.0%) had been in farming for about 20 years while majority (65.8%) cultivated between 1-3 hectares of land. Most (80.8%) of the farmers were aware of soyabean cultivation with 56.7% having extension agents as their source of information. Other sources of information include the media (radio and television), fellow farmers and friends. Lack of market for soyabean was the foremost constraint against farmers’cultivation of soyabeans while lack of knowledge of soyabean processing was ranked first among the constraints militating against farmers’ utilization of soyabeans. More than half (59.2%) of the farmers utilize soyabean only in the form of soya milk. Chi-square analysis showed a significant relationship between farmers’ cultivation of soyabean and sex (χ2=8.34, p<0.05) and educational status (χ2=31.43, p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that farmers’ cultivation of soyabean is significantly related to age (r=0.96, p<0.05), farm size (r=0.78, p<0.05) and years of farming (r=0.68, p<0.05) while age is significantly related to farmers’ utilization of soyabean (r=0.04, p<0.05). It was concluded that age, sex, educational status, farm size and years of farming played significant roles in farmers’ cultivation of soyabean while age determined the utilization of soyabean by the farmers. It was recommended that extension services targeted on soyabean cultivation and utilization should be more vigorously pursued.
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    The influence of cropping intensification on vulnerability to floods among farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2014) A SalauS, Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda
    In the past four decades, economic losses due to natural hazards such as, floods disasters have increased in folds and have also resulted in major loss of human lives and livelihoods thereby putting sustainable development at risk. Thus, this study assesses the influence of cropping intensification on vulnerability to floods among farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and logit regression analyses are the analytical tools employed to achieve the research objectives. The results showed that household head type, farm size, cropping intensification, distance to input market and education of household heads are the important variables explaining vulnerability to floods in the study area. Also, the result indicated that economic, cultural, technological, structural and social coping strategies are the important strategies employed by farming households to deal with the negative impact of flood in the area. The most (20%) widely adopted coping strategy is replanting (cultural) which is closely followed by crop diversification (economic). For sustainable development of the area favourable inputs and output markets as well as other policies that could facilitate households’ access to agricultural inputs and education are hereby suggested. Public awareness programmes and campaigns on the relationships linking sustainable development, natural hazards, vulnerabilities and disasters, to enhance disaster reduction measures should be encouraged.
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    Pest Control and Innovation Generation for Sustainable Agricultural Development by Nigerian Stored Product Research Institute, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
    (Pest Control, 2016) IF Ayanda, O Oyekunle, SA Salau, OL Salawu, MO Oose
    Nigeria is grappling with low agricultural production with over 40 per cent post-harvest losses. Consequently, Nigerian Stored Product Research Institute (NSPRI) was established to revise dangerous trend. The study described the demographic characteristics of key operational staff of NSPRI, identified, assessed farmers’ perception and constraints of innovations development on pest control. Thirteen key operational staff of NSPRI were purposively selected and used as respondents. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and analyzed with percentages, frequency count and Pearson Correlation Statistics. Findings showed that the respondents’ mean age was 42.8 years while 53.8% had Master Degree Certificate. Innovations developed by NSPRI include ice fish box, inert silos, fish smoking kiln, pesticide waxes for fruits and vegetables. Small scale farmers reported inadequate awareness on the innovations developed by NSPRI along with mean score of 1.42, the innovations were expensive (2.18) and limited in production (2.14). The constraints rated inadequate funding (4.69), infrastructure (3.61%) and personnel (3.53) to be highly severe. A positive, linear relationship was established between level of education attained and innovation generation for sustainable agricultural production (r=0.28, p≤0.05). It was concluded that sustainable control of post-harvest losses in Nigeria requires that the level of educational attainment of the staff of NSPRI should be augmented to enhance competency for meaningful contribution to innovations development. The constraints on innovation development should be adequately addressed by the superintending agencies of NSPRI and other National Agricultural Research Institutes (NARIS).
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    Implications of Deceptive Practices of Poultry Input Suppliers on Poultry Production in Kwara State, Nigeria
    (2017) Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda; Olalekan Oyekunle; Jones Adebola Akangbe; Sola Emmanuel Komolafe
    Abstract Deceptive practices of poultry input suppliers are partly responsible for inability to meet the consumption of recommended animal protein (35g/person/day). The study examined the prevailing deceptive practices and effects on poultry production in Nigeria. Proportionate random sampling technique was used to select 70 small scale poultry farmers used as respondents. Data were analyzed using percentages and means. The respondents (68.6 %) had a minimum of secondary school education and spent averagely 15.7 years in poultry production. The findings showed that deceptive practices include adulteration of feed ingredients, marketing of under-weighed feeds, lack of proximate analysis of nutrient composition of feeds and use of old bags for packaging. The respondents (81.3 %) agreed that deceptive practices delayed the start of growing period of the fowls. Similarly, 79.5 % and 61 % experienced low meat and egg production, respectively, resulting in expensive animal protein, increased production overheads (83.4 %), lowered returns on investment (90.1 %). The result of hypothesis indicated a positive significant relationship between the level of educational attainment of respondents and ability to identify deceptive practices in poultry production (R = 0.214, P ≤ 0.05) among respondents. Nigerian Institute of Animal Science and other relevant regulatory agencies should have a structure to regulate and award penalties to culpable individuals in these deceptive practices. Extension organizations should educate poultry producers on the concept of deceptive practices and its consequences.
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    Livelihood diversification amongst pastoralists and conflict with Arable crop farmers: empirical evidence from Kwara state, Nigeria
    (Nigerian Journal of Rural Sociology, 2017) OJ Yusuf, IF Ayanda, FM Olooto, OL Salawu
    The study identified causes of conflicts, settlement pattern of pastoral farmers and analyzed the influence of livelihood diversification on conflicts between pastoralists and indigenous crop farmers. Using multistage sampling procedure to select 280 respondents, data were collected by means of structured interview schedule and analyzed by frequency distribution, Pearson Correlation and one-way ANOVA. Results show that high pressure on land (WMS = 4.87) and unfavourable land tenure system (4.56) mainly caused the conflicts. Crop and pastoral farmers had an average farm size of 2.9ha and 1.7ha, respectively. Majority (75.5%) of pastoralists were engaged in crop production, while only 12.1% of crop farmers were involved in livestock rearing. Also, 57.9% and 32.9% amongst crop farmers and 14.2% and 15.0% amongst pastoral farmers were involved in trading and commercial (vehicular) transport business, respectively. Furthermore, 16.4% and 7.9% of the pastoralists lived in mud and block- walled houses with corrugated iron sheets, respectively. Transformational approach was identified as most acceptable solution of conflict resolution by both crop and pastoral farmers. There was a significant difference between farm size (F=9.33) and educational level (F=8.93) of crop and pastoral farmers. There was also a significant relationship between cause of conflicts and pastoralists’ livelihood diversification (r=0.74) and number of years’ of pastoralists in settlement (r=0.29). The study concluded that increasing involvement of the pastoralists in crop production, involvement in other employment opportunities and erection of permanent building structure ignited unhealthy rivalry between the two groups.
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    Implications of Deceptive Practices of Poultry Input Suppliers on Poultry Production in Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica, 2017) Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda, Olalekan Oyekunle, Jones Adebola Akangbe, Sola Emmanuel Komolafe
    Deceptive practices of poultry input suppliers are partly responsible for inability to meet the consumption of recommended animal protein (35g/person/day). The study examined the prevailing deceptive practices and effects on poultry production in Nigeria. Proportionate random sampling technique was used to select 70 small scale poultry farmers used as respondents. Data were analyzed using percentages and means. The respondents (68.6%) had a minimum of secondary school education and spent averagely 15.7 years in poultry production. The findings showed that deceptive practices include adulteration of feed ingredients, marketing of under‑weighed feeds, lack of proximate analysis of nutrient composition of feeds and use of old bags for packaging. The respondents (81.3%) agreed that deceptive practices delayed the start of growing period of the fowls. Similarly, 79.5% and 61% experienced low meat and egg production, respectively, resulting in expensive animal protein, increased production overheads (83.4%), lowered returns on investment (90.1%). The result of hypothesis indicated a positive significant relationship between the level of educational attainment of respondents and ability to identify deceptive practices in poultry production (R= 0.214, P≤ 0.05) among respondents. Nigerian Institute of Animal Science and other relevant regulatory agencies should have a structure to regulate and award penalties to culpable individuals in these deceptive practices. Extension organizations should educate poultry producers on the concept of deceptive practices and its consequences.
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    Farm practical training and job aspiration of undergraduates of agriculture in universities in Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2017) Olayinka Jelili Yusuf, Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda, Felicia Motunrayo Olooto, Latifat Ololade Salawu, Stephen Kayode Subair
    The study investigated whether farm practical training (FPT) is significantly associated with job aspiration of undergraduate students comparing results of empirical evidence between two Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria. Specifically, students preferred courses of study were identified, and their attitude towards FPT and job aspiration were determined. One hundred and twenty final year students who recently completed the FPT were selected from the two universities through multistage sampling. The average age of students was 23.5 years with standard deviation of 2.4. Less than half (40%) preferred agriculture as course of study, while 38% preferred science and 5% medicine. About 32% decided to remain in agriculture after admission because it is deemed prestigious, while 13% considered it last available opportunity to gain admission and 17% due to its entrepreneurial potentials. Many (69.8%) aspired for agriculture/farming related job, while 12% aspired to work in agro-allied industries. Many (45.8%) had favorable attitude towards the FPT, comprising 35.0% UNILORIN and 10.8% KWASU students. However, more (23.3%) of KWASU students had unfavorable attitude towards FPT compared to 5% UNILORIN students in this category. There was no significant association between students’ attitude towards FPT and their job aspiration in both UNILORIN (χ2=8.07, p=0.62) and KWASU (χ2=8.60 p=0.38). Although, most of the students aspired to work in agriculture/agro-allied industry, it was however concluded, from the empirical findings, that FPT did not significantly influence their job aspiration.
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    Farm Practical Training and Job Aspiration of Undergraduates of Agriculture in Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2017-10) Yusuf, Olayinka Jelili, Ayanda, Ibrahim Folorunsho, Olooto, Felicia Motunrayo, Salawu, Latifat Ololade and Subair, Stephen Kayode
    The study investigated whether farm practical training (FPT) is significantly associated with job aspiration of undergraduate students comparing results of empirical evidence between two Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria. Specifically, students preferred courses of study were identified, and their attitude towards FPT and job aspiration were determined. One hundred and twenty final year students who recently completed the FPT were selected from the two universities through multistage sampling. The average age of students was 23.5 years with standard deviation of 2.4. Less than half (40%) preferred agriculture as course of study, while 38% preferred science and 5% medicine. About 32% decided to remain in agriculture after admission because it is deemed prestigious, while 13% considered it last available opportunity to gain admission and 17% due to its entrepreneurial potentials. Many (69.8%) aspired for agriculture/farming related job, while 12% aspired to work in agro-allied industries. Many (45.8%) had favorable attitude towards the FPT, comprising 35.0% UNILORIN and 10.8% KWASU students. However, more (23.3%) of KWASU students had unfavorable attitude towards FPT compared to 5% UNILORIN students in this category. There was no significant association between students’ attitude towards FPT and their job aspiration in both UNILORIN (χ2=8.07, p=0.62) and KWASU (χ2=8.60 p=0.38). Although, most of the students aspired to work in agriculture/agro-allied industry, it was however concluded, from the empirical findings, that FPT did not significantly influence their job aspiration.
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    ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF SHEA BUTTER PROCESSING ON THE LIVELIHOOD OF WOMEN PROCESSORS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA.
    (Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies & Management, 2017-10-17) IF Ayanda, OL Salawu
    Potential of shea butter processing on processors’ livelihood, processing techniques, shea nuts’ availability, outcomes and constraints of shea butter processing in Kwara State were investigated. Random sampling technique was used to select 81 processors used as respondents. Percentages and frequencies were used for data analysis. The average age of the processors and years spent in shea butter processing were 48.40 and 20.6 years respectively. Manual processing technique dominated the enterprise. Low processing (0.98 kilograms of shea butter), income of N490.00 or $US 2.72 Dollars/day (higher than the critical poverty level of $1/day) was recorded. Also, 42%, 45% and 43% of processors were able to pay the school fees, settled hospital bills, lived in block and cemented buildings showing the potential of shea butter processing on improving processors’ livelihood provided loan is liberalized for acquisition of processing machine to increase the quantity and quality of shea butter.
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    Prospects and problems of using Jatropha cake as organic fertiliser among crop farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria
    (International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, 2018) Adebayo Olowoake, Grace Abolaji, Olayinka Yusuf, Ibrahim Ayanda, Felicia Olooto
    The study investigated prospects and problems of Jatropha cake as organic fertiliser in Nigeria. All members of Jatropha Farmers Group in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria (106) were purposively selected for the study. Interview schedule was used for data collection while frequency counts and percentage were used for data analysis. Results showed that average yield of Jatropha was 2.94 kg/ha while the quantity of Jatropha cake processed per farmer was 11.9 kg. Majority (76.5%) of the farmers indicated that Jatropha cake supported high crop yield. Also, 79.3% were favourably disposed to continuous use of Jatropha cake, indicating acceptability of the cake and prospects for market availability. Availability of Jatropha seeds ranked highest amongst constraints to Jatropha production followed by inadequate processing technologies. In conclusion, Jatropha cake was adjudged as having potentials to fill the gap of farmers’ fertiliser requirements through increased availability of Jatropha cake via sustained Jatropha cultivation
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    PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON VEGETABLE PRODUCTION AMONG WOMEN FARMERS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA.
    (International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch, 2018) Olooto FM, OJ Yusuf, IF Ayanda, OL Salawu
    Women are key players in the agricultural sector of most developing countries of the world, with vegetable being a common crop they cultivate. Vegetables are one of the best resources for overcoming micronutrient deficiencies and providing smallholder farmers with much higher income per hectare than other staple crops. A significant change in climate on a global scale will impact vegetable cultivation and agriculture as a whole. This study assessed the perceived effect of climate change on vegetable production among women farmers in Asa Local Government Area of Kwara State that is known predominantly for vegetable production. Five communities were randomly selected while 156 women were randomly selected from a list of registered women farmers in the study area. Structured interview schedule was used to obtain information from the women on their experiences and climate change impacts on vegetable production. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The study revealed that the women are involved in production of various vegetables such as amaranth, cochorus, celosia, bitter leaf, water leaf, tomatoes, pepper, pumpkin and okro. Respondents reported noticeable changes in the rainfall pattern which has resulted in the women adopting various strategies to cope with the situation. Early planting (28.8%), irrigation (50.6%) and planting many vegetables instead of one (16.0%) were some of the coping strategies the women engaged on their vegetable farms. Majority (95%) of the women perceived climate change as a huge challenge and opportunity to learn more about their environment.
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    Farm practical training and job aspiration of undergraduates of agriculture in universities in Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Agricultural Extension Society of NIgeria (AESON), 2018-01-12) Olayinka Jelili Yusuf; Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda; Felicia Motunrayo Olooto; Latifat Ololade Salawu; Stephen Kayode Subair
    The study investigated whether farm practical training (FPT) is significantly associated with job aspiration of undergraduate students comparing results of empirical evidence between two Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria. Specifically, students preferred courses of study were identified, and their attitude towards FPT and job aspiration were determined. One hundred and twenty final year students who recently completed the FPT were selected from the two universities through multistage sampling. The average age of students was 23.5 years with standard deviation of 2.4. Less than half (40%) preferred agriculture as course of study, while 38% preferred science and 5% medicine. About 32% decided to remain in agriculture after admission because it is deemed prestigious, while 13% considered it last available opportunity to gain admission and 17% due to its entrepreneurial potentials. Many (69.8%) aspired for agriculture/farming related job, while 12% aspired to work in agro-allied industries. Many (45.8%) had favorable attitude towards the FPT, comprising 35.0% UNILORIN and 10.8% KWASU students. However, more (23.3%) of KWASU students had unfavorable attitude towards FPT compared to 5% UNILORIN students in this category. There was no significant association between students’ attitude towards FPT and their job aspiration in both UNILORIN (χ2=8.07, p=0.62) and KWASU (χ2=8.60 p=0.38). Although, most of the students aspired to work in agriculture/agro-allied industry, it was however concluded, from the empirical findings, that FPT did not significantly influence their job aspiration.