Deparment Of Environmental Management and Toxicology

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Markers of Environmental Health: Nickel and Chromium Levels in Soil and Vegetation around a Steel Recycling Facility in Southwest Nigeria
(ScienceDomain International, 2014-04-07) Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi; Awotoye, Olusegun O.; Owoade, Oyediran Kayode
Aim: To mark the environmental health status in the vicinity of a steel recycling facility in southwestern Nigeria using Nickel and Chromium levels in the topsoil and leaves of Chromolaena odorata. Methodology: Conventional methods were used to determine some soil parameters (pH and electrical conductivity in 1:1 soil: deionized water; percentage organic carbon using chromic acid oxidation method and particle size analysis using hydrometer method). The metal content in the soil and plant samples were analysed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer after digestion and extraction. Results: The results of the soil within the factory showed pH values of 7.50 – 8.80 and reduced organic matter content indicating alkaline conditions. Electrical conductivity values were comparatively higher for soils within the factory (423 – 1550 µs/m) than soils outside the factory (146 – 226 µs/m) showing presence of some soluble salts in the soil. The levels of Ni and Cr in the soil were higher within the factory than outside of the factory. Nickel concentrations of the soil increased with increasing distance from the factory up to 200 m. Similar trends occurred for Cr in the eastern side of the factory where the detectable concentrations (2.29±0.05 – 33.26±0.02 mgkg–1) was observed. The Ni content in the soil around the factory ranged from: North (0.76±0.01 – 1.46±0.06 mgkg–1); East (0.19±0.05 – 2.68±0.04 mgkg–1); West (0.21 ± 0.01 – 1.46±0.07 mgkg–1) and South (0.22±0.02 – 1.89±0.01 mgkg–1). Within the factory however, the scrap yard contained high concentration of Cr 24.15±0.04 mgkg–1 while the soils from the dumpsite for sorted wastes contained elevated concentrations of Ni (73.17±0.02 mgkg–1). Nickel and chromium content in the plant leaves in this study ranged from 1.40 – 3.60 mgkg–1 and 0.40 – 1.5 mgkg–1. Conclusion: Further increase in the Cr and Ni levels in the soil and plants of the study site poses a potential health hazard to animals that graze the area and man through consumption of forage and agronomic crops cultivated around the factory by peasant farmers.
Ecological vulnerability: seasonal and spatial assessment of trace metals in soils and plants in the vicinity of a scrap metal recycling factory in Southwestern Nigeria
(Springer, 2014-07-01) Owoade, O. Kayode; Awotoye, O. Olusegun; Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi
The concentrations of selected heavy metals in the soil and vegetation in the immediate vicinity of a metal scrap recycling factory were determined in the dry and wet seasons using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the soil pH in all the sites indicated slight acidity (from 5.07 to 6.13), high soil organic matter content (from 2.08 to 5.60 %), and a well-drained soil of sandy loam textural composition. Soil heavy metal content in the dry season were 0.84–3.12 mg/kg for Pb, 0.26–0.46 mg/kg for Cd, 9.19–24.70 mg/kg for Zn, and 1.46–1.97 mg/kg for Cu. These values were higher than those in the wet season which ranged from 0.62–0.69 mg/kg for Pb, 0.67–0.78 mg/kg for Cd, 0.84–1.00 mg/kg for Zn, and 1.26–1.45 mg/kg for Cu. Except for cadmium in the dry season, the highest concentrations occurred in the northern side of the factory for all the elements in both seasons. An increase in the concentrations of the elements up to 350 m in most directions was also observed. There was no specific pattern in the level of the metals in the leaves of the plant used for the study. However, slightly elevated values were observed in the wet season (Pb 0.53 mg/kg, Cd 0.59 mg/kg, Cu 0.88 mg/kg) compared with the dry season values (Pb 0.50 mg/kg, Cd 0.57 mg/kg, Cu 0.83 mg/kg). This study showed that the elevated concentrations of these metals might be associated with the activities from the recycling plant, providing the basis for heavy metal pollution monitoring and control of this locality that is primarily used for agricultural purposes.
Ecological vulnerability: seasonal and spatial assessment of trace metals in soils and plants in the vicinity of a scrap metal recycling factory in Southwestern Nigeria
(Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2014-07-18) Oyediran K. Owoade; Olusegun Olufemi Awotoye; Olalekan Oluwatoyosi Salami
The concentrations of selected heavy metals in the soil and vegetation in the immediate vicinity of a metal scrap recycling factory were determined in the dry and wet seasons using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the soil pH in all the sites indicated slight acidity (from 5.07 to 6.13), high soil organic matter content (from 2.08 to 5.60 %), and a well-drained soil of sandy loam textural composition. Soil heavy metal content in the dry season were 0.84–3.12 mg/kg for Pb, 0.26–0.46 mg/kg for Cd, 9.19–24.70 mg/kg for Zn, and 1.46–1.97 mg/kg for Cu. These values were higher than those in the wet season which ranged from 0.62–0.69 mg/kg for Pb, 0.67–0.78 mg/kg for Cd, 0.84–1.00 mg/kg for Zn, and 1.26–1.45 mg/kg for Cu. Except for cadmium in the dry season, the highest concentrations occurred in the northern side of the factory for all the elements in both seasons. An increase in the concentrations of the elements up to 350 m in most directions was also observed. There was no specific pattern in the level of the metals in the leaves of the plant used for the study. However, slightly elevated values were observed in the wet season (Pb 0.53 mg/kg, Cd 0.59 mg/kg, Cu 0.88 mg/kg) compared with the dry season values (Pb 0.50 mg/kg, Cd 0.57 mg/kg, Cu 0.83 mg/kg). This study showed that the elevated concentrations of these metals might be associated with the activities from the recycling plant, providing the basis for heavy metal pollution monitoring and control of this locality that is primarily used for agricultural purposes.
Biodiversity Status of the Immediate Vicinity of an Iron and Steel Recycling Factory in Ile-Ife, South-Western Nigeria
(Academic Press - Society of Land Measurements and Cadastre from Transylvania (SMTCT), 2015-07-01) Agboola, Oludare Oladipo; Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi; Oyedeji, Stephen
Floristic composition of vegetation communities of 27 plots established along a line transect in the four major directions was investigated in the vicinity of an Iron and Steel factory in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The aim of the study was to document the plant species composition (biodiversity) of the plant communities found within the 350 m perimeter of the facility in the study area, which will serve as a reference data, as there was no reported study for the area prior to the establishment of the factory. Plant species were identified to species level in a 10 x 10 m plot and the occurrence of each species was described in semi-quantitative terms. The vegetation is heterogeneous in nature having 31 species of tree saplings and climbers, 26 of shrubs, 15 of herbaceous plants and 4 of grasses. These 107 plant species belong to forty six (46) plant families. The dominant families included Apocynaceae and Papilionaceae (9 species), Sapindaceae (8 species), Euphorbiaceae (6 species), Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Sterculiaceae and Verbenaceae (4 species). Among the diverse species recorded, Chromolaena odorata formed a ticket in almost all the plots. Other common species included Albizia zygia, Alchornea laxiflora, Aspilia africana, Cnestis ferruginea, Combretum sp., Icacina tricantha, Ipomoea involucrata, Momordica foetida, Panicum maximum, Paullinia pinnata, Simicrata welwitschii and Vigna gracilis. The index of similarity of the plots ranged from 6.1 to 71.8%. The potential and vulnerability of the species were highlighted. Adherence to and enforcement of environmental regulations was recommended for preservation of the native species.
Purification and Partial Characterization of Cellulase Produced by Aspergillus niger Cultured on Vitellaria paradoxashells
(2017) Sulyman A. O, Iyanda A. Y, Opasola O. A, Adedayo O, Aladodo, R. A, Balogun A, Ajibola O. A, Olukotun O. Z and Hammed B. A
This research investigated the purification and partial characterization of cellulase produced by Aspergillus niger cultured on Vitellaria paradoxashells. Cellulase (endoglucanase) from A. niger was produced under optimum fermentation conditions at 35 °C,pH 4.7, V. paradoxa,4 g/L, inoculum size of 10 mm and the fermentation media incubated for 120 hours. The crude endoglucanase obtained were partially purified by subjecting to ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and gel filtration chromatography for further purification. The effect of temperature and pH on the activity of purified endoglucanase was determined. Cellulase was purified to 734.33 folds by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography with a specific activity and yield of 4.406 U/mg and 63.03% respectively. Fractions 4 and 7 contained the highest endoglucanase activity out of 18 fractions collected and the two fractions were pooled for further analysis. The activity of purified endoglucanase was optimum at a temperature of 40 °C and pH 5. Therefore, the purified endoglucanase produced may be explored in detergent industry
Evaluation of biomedical waste in Kogi State University Teaching Hospital, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2017-04-01) Sawyerr, Henry Olawale; Adeolu, Adedotun Timothy; Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi; Adejoh, P. A.
Adequate handling, efficient treatment and effective methods of biomedical waste play a vital role in the hospital infection control programme. Inadequate management of healthcare waste is a serious concern in many developing countries due to the risks posed to human health and environment. This study evaluates the biomedical waste generated at the Kogi State University Teaching Hospital, Anyigba. Seven wards were selected within the health facilities to determine the quantities of waste. The result showed that total waste generated in seven consecutive days was 19.89 kg/week. The average waste generated in seven wards was 2.8 kg/week and average waste generated per day was 0.4 kg/day. The quantity of waste increased as the number of patients and visitors increased. There were non-availability of bags in all the bins used for waste collection, storage and the bins were not colour coded, neither was there segregation of waste in the seven units. The study equally showed that the waste collected from the hospital are subjected to open burning which may affect the health of the workers, patients, visitors and the residents. There should be proper management of healthcare waste which can be improved through employment and retraining of staff, provision of colour coded bins and at least an incinerator for waste treatment before final disposal.
Impact of Dumpsites on the Quality of Soil and Groundwater in Satellite Towns of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
(EHP PUBLISHING, 2017-06-01) Sawyerr, Henry Olawale; Adeolu, Adedotun Timothy; Afolabi, Abiodun Segun; Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi; Badmos, Biola Kazeem
Background: Urbanization, industrialization and changes in consumption patterns have compounded the problem of solid waste management in Nigeria. Poor waste management threatens the well-being and health of the local population, particularly those living adjacent to dumpsites. Objectives. An assessment of the impact of dumpsites in a satellite town of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria was carried out to determine the level of biophysical/chemical parameters (pH, temperature, conductivity, nutrients (calcium and magnesium), heavy metals (lead, chromium, zinc), and microbial burden) on the quality of soil and groundwater and their impact on health and the environment. Methods. Soil and ground water samples were collected in four different dumpsites (Bwari, Gwagwalada, Kuje and Azhatta) with reference samples taken from the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, and taken to the laboratory for biophysical/chemical analysis using standard methods. Results. The results were compared with the national and World Health Organization (WHO) standard limits for soil and water respectively. Except for zinc, the average concentrations for heavy metals in the soil samples were higher in all four dumpsites than the permissible levels. Soil and water parameters that exceed the standard limits pose significant health and environment risks to nearby residents. Conclusions. There is a need for raising the awareness of residents living close to dumpsites and those who use the well or nearby streams for domestic activities on the need to carry out adequate water treatment prior to its use.
Effect of pH and Temperature on the Activity of Lipase Produced by Aspergillus niger Cultured on Citrus sinensis Peel
(2018-02-26) Abdulhakeem O. Sulyman, Yusuf A. Iyanda, Abdulazeez Balogun, Jamui B. Ahmad, Raliat A. Aladodo, Rukayat Aliyu and Ramat O. Ajadi
This study investigated effect of pH and temperature on the activity of lipase produced by Aspergillus niger during fermentation of Citrus sinensis peel. To obtain crude enzyme solutions, 100 ml of enriched media were mixed with 5 g of Citrus sinensis peel in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Then, this mix was inoculated with 10 cfu/ml of microorganism and incubated at 35°C for 168 hours. After the seventh day of incubation, the crude enzyme was collected by filtration followed by centrifugation. The crude enzyme solutions obtained were subjected to ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and gel filtration chromatography for further purification. The Michalis-Menten kinetic constants Km and Vmax for purified lipase were determined by varying concentrations of p-nitrophenyl laurate (p-NPL). Evaluation of effect of temperature and pH on purified enzyme activity was also carry out. This purification procedure resulted in 11.81 fold purification of lipase with 14.10% final yield. Sixteen (16) fractions of 5 ml each were collected after gel chromatography, however, only fraction 8 gave higher lipase activity. The values of Km and Vmax as calculated from the Lineweaver-Burke plot using p-nitrophenyl laurate (p-NPL) as substrate were 1.229 mg/ml and 8.097U/ml respectively. Maximum lipase activity of a purified lipase was observed in a wide range of temperature and pH values with optimum temperature of 39°C and pH 9.
Health Problems Associated with Frequent Use of Cell Phone Among Students in University of Ibadan, Nigeria
(Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 2019) Adedotun Timothy Adeolu; Victor Adeyimika Adedokun; Olalekan Oluwatoyosi Salami; Elizabeth Olabisi Ayoola
Abstract Background and Objectives: Mobile phones are no longer considered an accessory but have become a basic requirement of peopleʼs lives. So, many people especially the youth are dedicating a major part of their daily routine to using mobile phones. The popularity of the cell phones is often followed by an alarm towards the detrimental effects of cell phone radiations. This study aimed to identify the health problems related with frequent use of cell phone among undergraduate students of University of Ibadan, in southwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out among selected undergraduate students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 364 students from five halls of residence. A self administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on the socio-demographics, extent of cell phone usage, factors that influence the pattern of cell phone usage, perceived health concerns with frequent usage of cell phone. Data collected were subjected to percentage; mean, standard deviation, correlation and chi-square statistical analyses. Results: Few (22.7%) of the students reported strong attachment to their phone and cannot do without it in a day and believed that the attachment could cause insomnia, migraine and even cancer. The findings revealed that few (37.7%) of respondents agreed that frequent phone usage could cause cancer, loss of concentration (51.7%) and anxiety (55.4%) Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a direct relationship with strong attachment to phone usage and insomnia, headaches and concentration which can affect the health and academic performance of students.
Health Problems Associated with Frequent Use of Cell Phone Among Students in University of Ibadan, Nigeria
(SciOne - Science International, 2019-01-01) Adeolu, Adedotun Timothy; Adedokun, Victor Adeyimika; Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi; Ayoola, Elizabeth Olabisi
Mobile phones are no longer considered an accessory but have become a basic requirement of people’s lives. So many people especially the youths are dedicating a major part of their daily routine to using mobile phones. The popularity of the cell phones is often followed by an alarm towards the detrimental effects of cell phone radiations. This study seeks to identify health problems associated with frequent use of cell phone among undergraduate students of University of Ibadan, in southwestern Nigeria. The study was carried out among selected undergraduate students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select three hundred and sixty-four (364) students from five halls of residence. A self administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on the socio-demographics, extent of cell phone usage, factors that influence the pattern of cell phone usage, perceived health concerns with frequent usage of cell phone. Data collected were subjected to percentage; mean, standard deviation, correlation and chi-square statistical analyses. Few (22.7%) of the students reported strong attachment to their phone and cannot do without it in a day and believed that the attachment could cause insomnia, migraine and even cancer. The findings revealed that few (15.0%) of respondents agreed that frequent phone usage could cause cancer, loss of concentration (51.7%) and anxiety (55.4%). The study showed that that there is a direct relationship with strong attachment to phone usage and insomnia, headaches and concentration which can affect the health and academic performance of students.
Sanitary Status and Compliance with the Standard Slaughter Practices in Karu Abattoir Abuja Municipal Area Council of the FCT, Nigeria
(International Journal of Current Innovations in Advanced Research, 2019-02-01) Adeolu, Adedotun Timothy; Opasola, Olaniyi Afolabi; Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi; Iyanda, Yusuf Ayodeji; Omenta, R. C
Abstract: Background and Objective: The sanitary and hygiene conditions of abattoir are of public health concern because of its implications on the quality of meat being sold in the markets. In Nigeria, very few studies have provided a comprehensive assessment of the sanitary status in the abattoir premises. This study assessed the sanitary status and compliance with the slaughter practices in Karu Abattoir, Abuja Municipal Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and observational checklist adapted from Policy guidelines on market and abattoir sanitation by the Federal Ministry of Environment. Eighty (80) staff and workers of the abattoir were interviewed. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: More than half (53.7%) of the respondents reported that there is inadequate water supply facility and sourced their water from tap (64.6%) and dispose their waste water in the nearby stream. More than two-third (77.6%) of the abattoir workers reported that there are adequate veterinarians and other health officers and routine post mortem examination is adequate in the abattoir. The study showed that the abattoir lacks infrastructure and compliance with slaughter practices as basic requirements for a good abattoir as stipulated in the Policy Guidelines on Market and Abattoir Sanitation. Conclusion: The regulations on the operations of the slaughterhouse were below the standard requirements and that much was needed to be done to improve the system at the facility. There is an urgent need to enforce the minimum standards as stipulated in the policy guidelines.
Effects of Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extract of Annona muricata on some Enzymes of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats
(Nigerian Society of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 2022) Abubakar Z. Lawal, Halima A. Abdulrahim, Yusuf A. Iyanda, Ibrahim Munirudeen, Adekunle, A. Sanni
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease of multiple etiologies characterized by high blood sugar levels. The management of diabetes is taken as a global problem and curative treatment is yet to be uncovered. The leaf, root and bark of Annona muricata have been reportedly used locally as an antidiabetic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ethylacetate leaf extract of Annona muricata (AMLE) on selected enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rat model. Twenty male rats weighing 180 to 220 g were randomly assigned into four groups. Groups A and B were non-diabetic and diabetic rats respectively, treated with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide saline respectively. Groups C and D were diabetic rats treated with 200 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) AMLE and 5 mg/kg b.wt glibenclamide respectively for 14 days. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of 45 mg/kg b.wt streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally. Rats with blood glucose values above 13.9 mmol/l 48 hours after STZ injection were considered diabetic. Animals were sacrificed on day 15 and hepatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were assayed. The levels of hepatic lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucokinase activities in AMLE treated diabetic rats were significantly (p˂0.05) reduced compared to untreated diabetic rats. However, the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was only slightly inhibited in the diabetic rats treated with AMLE. Ethylacetate leaf extract of A. muricata inhibited the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in this study. These findings partially support the use of this plant in the treatment of diabetes.
Climate, Urbanization and Environmental Pollution in West Africa
(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-11-23) Ofoezie, Emmanuel I.; Eludoyin, Adebayo O.; Udeh, Ebere B.; Onanuga, Margaret Y.; Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi; Adebayo, Abdulqqudus A.
The need to elucidate the urbanization–climate–pollution nexus in West African arose from the several reported, but disjointed cases of climate extremes and environmental degradation in the sub-region. This review analyzed several scenarios, to appraise the trends and relationships among the individual elements in the nexus and to ascertain the status of sustainable development in the sub-region, using the expository review methods. Urbanization was essentially characterized by population growth without complementary infrastructural development, weak coping strategies against climate extremes, numerous economic challenges, and high risk of environmental pollution. Initiative for urban renewal, urban greening and smart city development was low, and preparedness against future impact of extreme climate events and climate change is uncertain. However, there is clear evidence that the concept of sustainable development is growing in the sub-region. This is intensified by the international funding agencies insisting on the incorporation of environmental issues into development, the enactment of environmental laws and policies, and the establishment of institutions of enforcement in each country. The review concluded that although the sub-region is at the brink of severe effects of population explosion and environmental degradation, the growing awareness and implementation of the sustainable development goals may come to the rescue.
Copper pollution effects on growth and biomass yield of Nigerian vegetables
(IKSAD Publishing House, 2023-05-21) Olawepo, Gabriel Kehinde; Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi
This study investigated the impact of copper pollution on the biomass and dry matter of two commonly consumed vegetables in Nigeria, Amaranthus hybridus (Efo tete) and Celosia argentea (Efo soko). The plants were grown in soil treated with different concentrations of copper (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) and in unpolluted soil for comparison. The results showed that both vegetables absorbed copper from the soil, but the levels were within the permissible limit (5-100 mg/kg). Interestingly, the copper absorption did not affect the biomass or dry matter of the plants. These findings suggest that these vegetables are tolerant to copper pollution and could be cultivated in contaminated soils without affecting their nutritional value.
Soil Quality from Nigerian Alfisol Under Different Agricultural Land Use Types
(Springer, 2023-06-28) Salami, Olalekan O.; Adesanwo, Olushola O.; Awotoye, Olusegun O.
This study focuses on the evaluation of different chemical characteristics of humic acids (HA) from Nigeria Alfisol as surrogates of soil agroecological quality under different cultivation regimes in proximity. Conventional cassava farm, oil palm plantation, agroforestry and undisturbed sites were studied at two soil depths of 0 – 15 cm and 15 – 30 cm using elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The highest yield of HAs was recorded at the undisturbed site at the two soil depths (topsoil, 25% and subsoil, 15%). The per cent carbon of the humic acid extracted from the topsoil and subsoil clustered around 56%. Strong peaks attributed to structural vibrations of aromatic C=C and antisymmetrical stretching of COO– groups around 1630 cm–1 region was common to all the spectra. The topsoil of the oil palm plantation showed band peak at 1230 cm-1 which were attributed to C-O stretching and OH bending of COOH functional group. Cultivation type and soil depth had a great influence on the humic acid yield. Crops planted on the farms do not significantly influence the characteristics of humic acids which suggest high stability and resilience as shown in the FTIR spectra of HAs. However, notable differences in the intensity of some bands were observed depending on site characteristics and soil depth. A steady supply of plant residues in the tree-based agricultural systems significantly improved OM accumulation and quantity of humic acid.
Exploring University Undergraduate Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes towards Waste Management
(Faculty of Education, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria, 2024-05-01) Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi; Akanbi-Gada, Mariam A.; Iyanda, Yusuf Ayodeji; Ishola, Barakat Adebimpe
Abstract Waste generation is inherent in various processes, posing environmental and health challenges. Although Kwara State University administration is committed to maintaining a clean environment, the level of awareness among students remains unclear. This study examines the knowledge and attitudes of university undergraduates toward waste management in kwara State university, Malete. Three hundred and thirty-two students participated, with 96% being under 28 years old. Results showed that 66% of respondents are aware of waste management, 51% have not taken courses on the subject, and 65% are unconcerned about waste-related issues, though 78% are aware that improper waste disposal poses a health risk. Seventy-one percent dropped garbage in a car or throw it out of the window, or just dumped it in a neighboring bush or drainage. The study concluded that the knowledge of students was at an intermediate level, but their attitude towards waste disposal was insufficient. It was recommended that relevant topics and practical experiences should be integrated into the undergraduate curriculum to enhance awareness and better attitude.
Inhibition of 𝛼-Amylase and 𝛼-Glucosidase Activities by 2-Hydroxy-1,4-Naphthoquinone
(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2024-06) Sulyman, O.A., Iyanda, A.Y., Aladodo, A.R., and Balogun, A.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the 𝛼-amylase and 𝛼-glucosidase inhibitory potentials of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2HNQ). The inhibition of these two carbohydrates metabolizing enzyme was done by varying the concentrations of 2HNQ in the presence of α-amylase, α-glucosidase with starch and p-nitrophenylglucopyranoside (pNPG) respectively as their substrates. The mode of inhibitions of the two enzymes by 2HNQ was determined using double-reciprocal transformation. The result obtained indicated that 2HNQ inhibited 𝛼-glucosidase activity with an IC50 0.260 mg/mL lowered than acarbose (1.530 mg/mL). Meanwhile, a moderate inhibitory potential of 2HNQ against 𝛼-amylase was observed with an IC50 of 1.757 mg/mL compared with acarbose (IC50 of 3.600 mg/mL). Furthermore, 2HNQ amazingly mops up reactive oxygen species. The observed inhibitions of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity as well as radical scavenging potentials of 2HNQ suggest that it may be a potential target for the management of diabetes mellitus
Soil Quality Assessment for Sustainable Land Management in Selected Locations in Malete, Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State
(Al-Hikmah University Central Journal, 2024-06-01) Akanbi-Gada, Mariam Abiola; Nurudeen, Funsho A; Saliu, Abiola Omolewa; Jimoh, Akeem A; Adepoju, Suraj A; Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi
Soil quality can be assessed by measuring soil properties, otherwise known as soil indicators. This study assessed soil quality in selected sites at Malete, Moro Local Government area of Kwara state, by evaluating its physical and chemical properties. Soil samples were collected from farmland and forestland sites in Malete, Kwara State. Physical and chemical properties, including pH, nitrogen, potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, organic carbon, organic matter, water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, soil porosity, and bulk density, were determined using standard procedures and methodologies. A t-test was used to analyze significant differences (p<0.05) between the two locations. The results showed that forestland soils had a neutral pH (7.09), while farmland soils were slightly acidic (pH 6.93). Farmland had higher nitrogen (0.27%), potassium (1.22 mg/kg), and sodium (0.26 mg/kg) compared to forestland soils, although these differences were not significant. Forestland soils had significantly higher magnesium (2.14 mg/kg), available phosphorus (29.52 mg/kg), and cation exchange capacity (5.78). Farmland soils exhibited significantly higher total organic carbon (2.70 mg/kg), organic matter (4.66 mg/kg), and water-holding capacity. Forestland soils had higher porosity (68.15%) and bulk density (2.52 g/cm³) than farmland. The results highlight key differences in soil properties between forestland and farmland. Forestland soil is generally healthier than farmland soil, with better pH, magnesium, phosphorus, and Cation Exchange Capacity, which promote fertility and plant growth. However, farmland soil shows higher nitrogen, potassium, and sodium levels, beneficial for short-term crop productivity.
Humic acid structural characteristics in soils under different land uses in Ilesa, Nigeria
(Walter de Gruyter (Sciendo), in collaboration with the Polish Society of Soil Science., 2024-06-01) Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi; Awotoye, Olusegun Olufemi; Adesanwo, Olushola Olajumoke; Adebola, Samuel Idowu
Numerous studies have examined the spectroscopic and elemental properties of soil humic acids (HA) from different soil orders, but little is known about how land usage affects the features of humic acids from Nigerian alﬁ sol. The aim of the study is to ascertain how land use affects HA properties, which have a signiﬁ cant impact on the quality of organic matter. It was predicted that HA characteristics are dependent on the agricultural use of the soil and its years of existence. The study was conducted on six different types of land uses in Nigeria: a maize farm (MF), a citrus grove (CT), an oil palm plantation (OP), an abandoned alley crop farm (AC), an agroforestry site (AG), and an area with solely natural vegetation (NC). Soil HAs were analysed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopies. The percent humic acid yield of 100 g of soil was highest at the uncultivated site. The HA samples appeared to be highly aromatic, condensed, and hydrophobic for all land use types, according to FTIR spectroscopy. The spectra also showed a low E4/E6 absorbance coeﬃcient, indicating a tendency for increased condensation of aromatic structures, higher molecular weight, and greater humiﬁ cation. No signiﬁcant effect due to land use was observed between the two techniques. However, further in-depth investigation is required on the impacts of factors such as particle size and the potential of HAs from these soils.
Assessment of drinking water quality in rural northern Nigeria: a case study of Diggi village in Kebbi State, Nigeria.
(2024-06-30) Sawyerr, Henry Olawale; Iyanda, Yusuf Ayodeji; Salami, Olalekan Oluwatoyosi; Bagudu B. M.
The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target, and recently, World Health Organizations’ SDG goal, was to achieve access to safe and affordable drinking water for all. An important strategy to achieve these goals was to obtain up-to-date information of water sources and their quality, especially the rural areas. This study assesses and provides such information on the typical sources and quality of drinking water available in a northern Nigeria rural community, most of which still lack infrastructure for effective treatment and distribution. Water samples from three wells and two boreholes were collected, analysed in-situ and in the laboratory for quality – physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters using appropriate methods. The pH was within acceptable limit (5.64 – 7.77) except in the well located at Illela. Although the conductivity (12.6-435.0 µs/cm), TDS (7.45-261 mg/l), alkalinity (10.0-12 mg/l) and chloride (1.9-45.9) values were lower than the recommended WHO ranges, the values could affect acceptability of the water. The well in Kofar Yamma recorded high lead values (0.09 mg/l) as well as chromium (0.08 mg/l) and arsenic (0.06 mg/l). The five water sources have very poor microbiologic quality with records of E. coli in all the samples. Boiling, chlorination and better hygiene practice was recommended for the village community.

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