Faculty of Agriculture

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Lipase activity in the digestive tract and liver of Mormyridae Pisces, from small lake in Ilorin, Nigeria
(Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2004) 5. Achionye – Nzeh, C.G., Obaroh, I. and Adeniyi, V
Lipase activity in the liver and digestive tract of some cichlids (Pisces: Cichlidea).
(African Journal online, 2005) 4. Achionye–Nzeh, C.G., Obaroh I. and Adeniyi, V.
Growth and heamtological parameters of growing female West African dwarf goats fed Ficus religiosa and Blighia sapida supplements
(Bowen Journal of Agriculture, 2006) AA Akinbade, OA Aderinola, JA Akinlade, SA Ameen, FO Ogunsola
Frequency and influence of some major genes on body weight and body size parameters of Nigerian local chickens
(Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2006) Fayeye, T. R.; Ayorinde, K. L; Ojo, V; Adesina, O. M
Gene frequencies and influence of four major genes on body weight and body size parameters were studied in populations of adult local chickens in Nigeria. The major genes studied were Naked-neck (Na), frizzle (F), polydactyly (Po) and ptylopody (Fsh). Body size parameters measured were body length, body girth, wing length, keel length, shank length, shank diameter and toe length. The frequencies of the dominant genes carriers were between 0.02 and 0.03. The values were much lower than the expected mendelian value of 0.75 for dominant alleles. Polydactyl birds were significantly (P<0.05) superior in body girth and shank length compared with ptylopod and normal birds. Both polydactyl and ptylopod birds were superior to normal birds in all the measured traits, except for the shank length. Normal feathered birds were superior to Naked-neck and Frizzle birds in most of the metric traits. These superiorities were however not statistically significant (P>0.05). The genetic effects of sex on body weight and body size parameters were about the same except that the values for female were negative. The present work suggest that the potential of thermoregulatory Naked-neck and frizzle genes to improve body weight and body size may not be realized in Nigerian local chickens because of their small body size which confers them with a general adaptation. Management of birds in a controlled environment may help to further prove the superiority of polydactyl and ptylopod birds. It is important to stem the negative selection against the dominant alleles through village level extension service.
Muscle lipid content and lipase activity in the liver and digestive tract of some freshwater fishes (Pisces: Teleostei)
(African Journal Online, 2006-11-13) Achionye–Nzeh, C.G., Obaroh, I. and Adeniyi, V. (2006)
Lipid content of the muscle and activity of lipase enzyme in the liver and digestive tract of Lates niloticus, Citharinus citharus and Auchenoglanis occidentalis were studied. The highest lipid content (14%) was recorded in A. occidentalis adults, while the lowest lipid content was observed in L. niloticus juveniles. Lipase activity was observed in the liver, anterior, median and posterior portions of the digestive tract of L. niloticus, C. citharus and A. occidentalis. The activity of lipase enzyme in the liver was high in the three fish species studied and the activity was statistically different. High lipid content of the muscle correlated with high activity of lipase in the liver of the fish species.
Analysis of the impact of globalization on Nigerian agricultural output
(European Journal of Social Sciences, 2007) MO Adewumi, SA Salau, OE Ayinde, Ayodele Jimoh
This study provides an empirical evidence on the impact of globalization on Nigeria’s Agricultural output and also highlights the implications for rural development. The data used covered 1981 – 2000 and were obtained from secondary sources. The descriptive and multiple regression analyses were used to ascertain the extent and direction of relationship between Agricultural production in Nigeria and openness, GDP growth rate, inflation rate and population growth rate. The study revealed that agricultural share of the GDP was highest (41.00 percent) in the first quarter of liberalization. The crop sub sector remained the dominant contributor to agriculture’s share of GDP, followed by livestock, fishery and forestry in that order. The study revealed that the economy is still mono-dominated by the oil sector. The study revealed that about 60 percent of the variation in the ratio of agriculture to GDP was explained by degree of openness or globalization, exchange rate and inflation. These three explanatory variables are negatively related to the ratio of agriculture to GDP. The study revealed that it is unlikely for Nigeria to be fully integrated into the global economy given its peculiar features and state of the economy. Nigeria cannot afford to fully liberalize trade in the face of poor export performance. Nigeria has to restructure her economy, liberalize, deregulate and democratize her institutuions. This calls for a redefinition of the government roles,and liberaqlization of the private sector which is at the center of globalization. The government are to provide the basic infrastructure especially in the rural areas, efficient and transparent administration, good governance friendly investment environment, macro-economic and political stability and level playing ground for economic activities in order to realize the positive impact of globalizsation on Nigerian agricultural output and the diversification drive of the economy.
Compatibility and fruit-set in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
(Springer, 2007) Olawale Mashood Aliyu
Understanding complex factors controlling yield is very crucial to the improvement of cashew in major producing countries currently experiencing very low yield and consequently making cashew farming unprofitable and the whole industry unsustainable. Eleven cashew clones were evaluated for their compatibility and fruit set between 2000 and 2002 seasons, in a diallel cross using randomized complete block design with three replications. Data collected on number of fruit set at 6 weeks after pollination were statistically analyzed. Significant differences between the parents at the 1% level, revealed the existence of variability for compatibility and fruit set, with 34% cross-compatibility, 51% partial cross-compatibility and 15% cross-incompatibility recorded, while 37% of the parents were self-compatible. Parents sharing the same apples colors tend to be highly cross-compatible, while some clones showed evidence of unilateral compatibility. Maximum value of 55% fruit set obtained from crosspollination probably indicates upper limit for fruit set in cashew. Significant correlation between compatibility and variation in fruit yield suggests the important role of parental compatibility in selection of planting materials for the establishment of cashew plantation.
Pollen–style compatibility in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
(2007) O. M. Aliyu
The role of pollen–stigma interaction and pollen tube growth as a measure of genetic compatibility was studied in eleven clones of cashew under a tropical rainforest ecology in Southwestern Nigeria between 1999 and 2002. Diallel cross of the clones showed that 55.00% of the cross-pollinated crosses showed high pollen cross-compatibility (CC) indicating moderate genetic distance in the population. About 54.55% of the clones showed evidence of self-compatibility, therefore confirming that cashew is self-fertile. Cytological examination however suggests possible postzygotic self-incompatibility in the crop as no evidence of tube growth inhibition was recorded in both cross- and self-pollinated styles. Correlation between maternal compatibility (pollen recipients) and fruit set shows that more attention needs to be focused on this direction during selection. Based on the data from this study, the use of combinations of floral quality characteristics like high pollen fertility, prolific flowering, and high reliable selection criteria for cashew yield improvement is therefore suggested flower sex ratio plus high cross-compatibility as reliable selection criteria for cashew yield improvement is therefore suggested.
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) weed infestation, yield and yield components as influenced by sowing method and seed rate in a Sudan Savanna agro-ecology of Nigeria
(Academic Joournals, 2007-10) E. O. Imoloame; S. D. Joshua; N. A. Gworgwor
An experiment on the influence of seed rate and sowing method on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) weed infestation, yield and yield components was conducted at Maiduguri, Nigeria, during the 2001 and 2002 rainy seasons. A split-plot design was used such that method of planting was allocated to main plots and seed rate was assigned to sub-plots and replicated three times. The site was harrowed, leveled properly using a hand hoe and then marked out. The size of each sub-plot measured 6 x 8 m leaving a distance of 1 m between replications and 0.5 m between sub-plots. Seeds variety Gwoza Local were planted as broadcast and drill at the rate of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 Kg/ha respectively. Fertilizer Urea ( 46% N ) and Single Superphosphate ( 18% P 2O5 ) were used to supply 75 Kg N/ha and 50 Kg P/ha first at planting and the second dose at 6 weeks after sowing ( WAS ). Weeding was carried out using a hand hoe. Data taken included soil analysis of the experimental site, plant height, number of flowers per plant, weed cover score, weed dry matter, number of pods per plant and grain yield respectively. Results showed that broadcasting method of sowing produced taller plants in 2002 and greater number of flowers and pods per plant in both years and the average of two years data significantly higher weed cover and weed dry matter in 2001 and 2002 and their combined data compared with drilling method. Plant height, number of flowers and pods per plant decreased with increase in seed rate with 15 kg/ha producing significantly lowest of these characters in 2001 and the average of two years data. The amount of weed dry matter and weed cover decreased with increase in seed rate up to 12 Kg/ha with 15 Kg/ha producing the highest in 2001, 2002 and the average of two years data. Similarly, seed rate of 6 Kg/ha produced the highest seed yield compared with higher seed rates in the two years and only in the data on the average of the two years that differences in yield were significant. From this study, best weed suppression and highest yield was obtained from drilling method at seed rate of 6 Kg/ha.
Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with a culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus
(Wiley online Library, 2008-03-31) Professor Apata David Friday
BACKGROUND: Probiotics are being developed for use in animal feed to enhance production performance and prevention of gastrointestinal infections. The ban on using antibiotics as growth promoters, antibiotic resistance and the inherent problems of developing new vaccines make a compelling case for developing alternatives for in-feed antibiotics. The alternatives of choice have to be considered under the environmental conditions of the animal. Among the probiotics in use today, Lactobacillus has been shown to play a vital role in disease prevention, immune enhancement, improved growth and carcass yield in poultry. The present study investigates the effect of Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB)-based probiotic on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broilers under tropical environmental conditions. RESULTS: Broilers fed LB diets consumed more feed (P < 0.05) and had greater body weight gain than the control group. Feed/gain ratio improved significantly (P < 0.05) with the 20, 40 and 60mg kg−1 LB diets compared with the control or 80mgkg−1 LB diet. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and fat increased with LB supplementation. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in fibre digestibility. White blood cell count increased significantly in broilers fed higher levels (>40mgkg−1) of LB compared with the control group. Antibody production measured as antibody titre against Newcastle disease vaccine showed a curvilinear response over the range of LB concentrations examined. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that LB addition to broiler chick diets significantly improved growth performance, increased nutrient digestibility and stimulated humoral immune response.
Comparative Evaluation of Organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF) and Mineral Fertilizer (NPK) on yield and quality of maize (Zea mays (L) Moench)
(Soil Science Society of Nigeria, 2008-05-12) Adeoye, G.O., M.K.C. Sridhar; O.O. AdeOluwa; M. Oyekunle, E.A. Makinde and Olowoake, A. A
COMPARATIVE NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF SOME LESSER KNOWN NON LEGUMINOUS BROWSE PLANTS FOR RUMINANTS.
(2008-07) Ogunbosoye, D. O; Babayemi O.J.
Foliage of some non-leguminous plants was examined by their chemical composition and in vitro gas fermentation characteristics. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF) and ash level of the browse species ranged between 27.75 and 43.99, 5.43 and 20.93, 26.53 and 40.09, 5.37 and 11.52 % respectively. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF, 32.08-65.33 %), acid detergent fibre (ADF, 22.08-49.61 %) and acid detergent lignin (ADL, 5.76-12.60 %). The gas volume (GV) and methane produced at 24hrs incubation varied significantly (P<0.05) among the species with values 13.50-25.50 and 8.00-13.50 respectively. Organic matter digestibility (OMD, 36.13-54.22%), Metabolizable energy (ME, 4.72-6.74 %) and Short chain fatty (SCFA, 0.26-0.55 %) also varied greatly among plant species. The result revealed that some of the plants studied could be proved to be useful to ruminants as dietary supplement to poor quality dry season feed since their protein concentrations are above the minimum recommended level.
On-lending credit scheme to crop farmers in Nigeria: An appraisal of Ekiti State Agricultural Credit Agency (ESACA) scheme
(Journal of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Ecology, 2009) SB Fakayode, MO Adewumi, SA Salau, OA Afolabi
We performed an empirical economic analysis of the on-lending loan scheme of the Ekiti State Agricultural Credit Agency (ESACA), Nigeria. Specifically, we compared the cropping practices of the ESACA’s loan beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries as well as the structure of cost and returns and factors affecting farmers’ output. One hundred and sixty farmers’ households, comprising eighty beneficiaries and eighty non-beneficiaries were surveyed across Ekiti State. Descriptive statistics was used to examine respondents’ socio-economic characteristics while multiple regression analyses were used to identify factors affecting their level of food crop production. We found that a typical loan beneficiary was young, with at least the basic/primary education. The loan sum disbursed to each beneficiary was small; thus, the resultant gross margin from cropping activities of loan beneficiaries was low. However this was higher than that of non-beneficiaries because the beneficiaries farmed diversified crops, including a mix of food and cash crops. There is need for more funding of the ESACA scheme for enhanced performance. However, the agency should ensure better management and prompt disbursement of funds to farmers. Undue and unnecessary hurdles like collaterals and complex loan application processes should be avoided while farmers should be encouraged to venture into the more lucrative cash crop production
Potential values of some non-leguminous browse plants as dry season feed for ruminants in Nigeria
(2010) Ogunbosoye, D. O; Babayemi O.J
A study was conducted to assess the nutritive potential of some tropical non-leguminous multipurpose trees: Bombax glabra, Adansonia digitata, Ceiba pentandra, Kigelia africana, Newbouldia leavis, Treculia africana, Milicia exselsa, Mangifera indica, Spondia mombin, Terminalia superba, Terminalia catappa, Tabebuia rosea and Ficus thonningii. A wide variation was observed in the chemical composition, secondary compounds and gas production characteristics. Crude protein (CP) concentration ranged from 6.35 – 16.41 g/100g DM. The ash content varied between 5.27 and 12.46 g/100g DM. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin ranged from 40.49 - 69.31, 28.39 - 52.62 and 6.14 - 16.83 g/100g DM, respectively. At least each possessed steroid as anti-nutrient as revealed from the study. It was observed that five browse species had tannins while eight showed traces of saponin. The degradability of the browse spp can be grouped into 3: High fermentation (> 20.00 ml) for S. mombin, B. glabra, A. digitata, C. pentandra, K. africana and M. exselsa; moderate fermentation (17.00 - 19.00 ml) for T. superba, T. catappa, T. rosea, F. thonningii, T. Africana and M. indica; low fermentation (< 16) was observed in N. leavis. The highest potential gas production, rate of gas production, metabolizable energy and short chain fatty acid were observed in S. mombin. From the result obtained, it is suggested that some of the browse species could be utilized by ruminants as feed supplement during both wet and dry seasons. S. mombin being high in gas production could be supplemented with energy rich feed like guinea grass in order to sustain livestock production.
PRODUCTIVITY OF WOMEN FARMERS IN THE DERIVED SAVANNAH ZONE OF NIGERI~ PANACEA TO FOOD CRISIS
(Journal of Research in Agriculture, 2010) T. M. Yusuf,; F. Y. Okunmadewa,; Adenegan K.O.,; A.S. Oyekale.
There isfood crisis in Nigeria. Food supply can no longer meet up with food demand. Since Women Farmers are the major food producers in Nigeria, it implies that their productivity is significantly low. This study therefore, explored the potential for improving productivity of women farmers in the Derived Savannah Zone of Nigeria. Primary data were collected using multi-stage random sampling technique. Kogi and Kwara states were randomly selected from the six states in the zone. Following this was a random selection of two ADP administrative zones from each slate. A ramdom selection offour LGAs was then made, onefrom each ADP stratum from which four villages were selected per LGA. In the final stage 200 respondents were randomly selected from the villages on the basis of probability proportionate to size. Data were collected on socio-economic and demographic characteristics, institutional factors, quantities and prices of inputs and outputs. Data were analysed using Descriptive Statistics, Total Factor Productivity Analysis (IFP), and Ordinary Least Squares Regression (OLS) Analysis. The mean age and farming experience of the womenfarmers were 47.6 ± 9.5 and 20. 4± 12.3years respectively. Their mean farm size and number of plots cultivated were 1.8 ± 1.18 acres and 2.0 ± 0.84 respectively. Totalfactor productivity index ranged from 2.7 to 1,J 04.6 with a mean of 489.9 indicating low productvity level. Factors found contributing to low productivity include; year of farming .extension and land fragmentation. A unit increase in years of education and MEO would increase productivity level by 0.8872 (p<0.01) and 0.1061 (p
Haematological and serum indices of goat fed fungi treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake in a mixed ration
(Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development, 2010) M. A. Belewu* and F. O. Ogunsola
The study evaluates the efficacy of fungi (Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma longibrachitum) treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake in a mixed ration on percentage packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell, haemoglobin, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, urea, creatinine, aspertate amino transferase, alanine phosphateses and alanine transference of goat. The West African dwarf goat (n = 15) were randomized against the experimental diets {(Diet A, control; B (50% soybean cake +50% A. niger treated Jatropha kernel cake); C (100% A. nigertreated J. curcas kernel cake); D (50% soybean cake + 50% T. longibrachiyum treated J. curcas kernel cake) and E (100% T. longibrachiyum treated J. curcas kernel cake)} in a completely randomized design model for a 70 day period. Feeding and watering were given freely throughout the study. Blood was collected from the goats every fortnightly at the jugular vein. The results revealed an increase in the creatinine content of the animals fed diets B and E compared to other diets. The urea content of the blood followed similar trend. Contrarily, the red blood cell was higher in control diet A and diet D. The packed cell volume ranged between 20 and 29%. Neutrophyl was significantly higher in diets B, C and D compared to diets A and E which are similar (p > 0.05). The positive presentations show that the fungi treated J. curcas kernel cake could have reduced most of the anti-nutrients, revealing that the biological processing of the cake is very promising.
Nutritive value of dietary fungi treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake: Voluntary intake, growth and digestibility coefficient of goat
(AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF NORTH AMERICA, 2010) M.A Belewu, K.Y Belewu and F.O Ogunsola
This study evaluates the performance characteristics of West African dwarf goats (n = 15) fed fungi (Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum) treated and untreated Jatropha curcas kernel cake for a 70 day period in a completely randomized design model. The diets consist of a control (diet A, without Jatropha curcas kernel cake), diet B (50% Aspergillus treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake + 50 % soybean cake), C (100% Aspergillus treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake), D (50% Trichoderma treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake +50 % Soybean cake), E (100% Trichoderma treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake).The results revealed significant variations in the crude protein, crude fibre , ether extract and ash contents. The dry matter intake (g) of goats on diets A, B, C and D were 654, 533, 460, and 407 respectively. Dry matter intake was significantly lower (p>0.05) for animal fed diet E .The highest crude protein intake was recorded for diet A (control) followed closely by diets B, C, D and E in that order. The crude fibre, ether extracts and ash consumption followed similar trend. The crude protein and crude fibre contents were adequate for animal of such age. The digestibility of most of the nutrients followed similar trend as the nutrient intake with the highest digestibility recorded for animals on diet A. The digestible nutrient intake recorded decline as the inclusion levels of the fungi treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake increased in the diets. Animals on diets A, B and C gained weight while those on diets D and E lost weight and eventually died. It could be concluded that treatment of Jatropha curcas cake with Trichoderma longibrachiatum was not effective in detoxifying Jatropha curcas kernel cake compared to Aspergillus niger which is promising in detoxifying Jatropha curcas kernel cake
Economic assessment of some pre- emergence herbicides in the Sudan Savanna Zone of Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2010-02) E. O. Imoloame; 1 S. D. Joshua; N. A. Gworgwor
Field trials were conducted in 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons at the University of Maiduguri Teaching and Research Farm located in Maiduguri (11°50’N; 13°10’E) to carry out an economic analysis of the use of some pre-emergence herbicides for the production of sesame. The experiment consisted of 22 treatments which included 4 different pre-emergence herbicides applied at 5 different rates viz: butachlor, metolachlor, diuron and pendimethalin at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg a.i. /ha, weeding at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) and weedy check. The treatment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated 3 times. Result showed that although two hoe weedings resulted in thehighest yield, percentage yield increase over check and income in both years, it was less beneficial and profitable than butachlor at 1.5 and 2.0 kg a.i /ha in 2006 and metolachlor at 1.5 kg a.i./ha in both years. Therefore, metolachlor at 1.5 kg a.i. /ha was more economical, profitable and beneficial than twohoe weedings in the production of sesame in the Sudan Savanna Zone of Nigeria.
Participants Perception of Special Rice Project Activities on Rice Production in Kwara State, Nigeria
(Nigerian Journal of Rural Extension and Development, 2010-07) IF Ayanda, JA Akangbe, EO Fakoya
The study was undertaken in Edu and Patigi Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kwara State to characterize activities of Special Rice Project (SRP), socio economic characteristics of the participants in SRP, determine participants’ perception of relevance of SRP activities and identified changes in yield of rice due to SRP activities. Through a two - stage random sampling technique, 102 participants in SRP were randomly selected and data collected by means of structured interview schedule. Some of the SRP activities include technology demonstration, inputs supply, financial assistance and provision of information on land preparation. The study showed that 41.1% of the participants were in the age bracket of 31-40 years while 66.7% of them possessed one form of formal education. Participants in SRP cultivated an average farm size of 2.6 hectares and recorded average yield of 3.34 tonnes/hectare. A significant difference exists between average rice yield of participants before and after the introduction of SRP (3.843, P < 0.05). Participants recorded income of N338, 700.00 per annum or N28, 225.00 per month. Based on the empirical evidence of this study, the Special Rice Project activities increased the rice yield of the beneficiaries; therefore, scope of SRP should be expanded to cut across all rice farmers in the country.
Effect of Terminalia catappa FruitMeal Fermented by Aspergillus niger as Replacement ofMaize on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and SerumBiochemical Profile of Broiler Chickens
(SAGE-Hindawi, 2010-08-06) Professor Apata David Friday
A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented Terminalia catappa fruit meal (FTCM) with Aspergillus niger as replacement for maize on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum biochemical constituents. Dietary maize was replaced by FTCM at 0, 20, 40, 60, or 80%. One hundred and eighty one-day-old Shaver broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments, three replicate groups of twelve chicks each for a 42-day period. There was no significant difference (P > .05) in the feed intake, weight gain, and feed; gain ratio between the broilers fed on 40% FTCM diet and the control group. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen, crude fibre, and fat decreased significantly in broilers fed higher levels (>40%) of FTCM replacement diets compared with the control or lower FTCM diets. Serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, and globulin were decreased (P < .05) on 80% FTCM fed broilers. Serum cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose were not significantly (P > .05) altered among treatments. The activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase were significantly (P < .05) increased with higher FTCM replacement. The results indicate that FTCM could replace up to 40% of dietary maize in the diets of broiler chickens without adverse effect on growth performance or serum constituents.

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