Department of Anatomy

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    Activities of G-6-PDH and LDH in the Kidney, Liver and Pancreas of Adult Wistar Rats Following the Administration of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)
    (Science alert, 2011-12-16) Adekomi, D. A., Ibiyeye R. Y., Popoola A. N., Oyesomi O.T.
    This study was elucidated in order to evaluate the effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) (documented for its hypoglycemic effects on experimental animals) on the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase on the kidney, liver and pancreas of adult Wistar rats. Thirty-two rats (of the first filial generation) of both sexes (Albino, Wistar) were used. Animals weighed 214-232 g and were about 7-13 weeks old. The animals were divided into four groups designated as A, B, C and D of eight animals in each. Groups A, B and C were administered with 400 mg kg-1, 300 mg kg-1 and 200 mg kg-1 b.wt. of the plant extract respectively while the control group was administered with equal volume of phosphate buffered saline orally for 21 days. At termination of study, it was observed that there was significant increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and significant decrease in lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activities in the administered groups. The results obtained from this study suggested that the leaf extract of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) consumed for its hypoglycemic effects, alters carbohydrate metabolism in the kidney, liver and pancreas and has no deleterious effect on the organs of study in Wistar rats. Further studies should be done in order to know if such effects seen in Wistar rats may by extension be seen in man.
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    ACTIVATION OF PRO-APOPTOTIC CELLS, REACTIVE ASTROGLIOSIS AND HYPERPHOSPHORYLATION OF TAU PROTEIN IN TRIMETHYLTIN-INDUCED HIPPOCAMPAL INJURY IN RATS
    (Association of Anatomical Societies of Africa, 2020) Okesina AA, Ajao MS, Buhari MO, Afodun AM, Okesina KB, Usman RY, Sulaimon FA, Kolawole BP
    Neurodegenerative diseases cause neural cells to lose both the functional and sensory abilities as a result of genetic factors, proteopathies and mitochondrial dysfunction. Neurodegeneration forms the basis of most neurodegenerative disorders for example Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s diseases, and Parkinson’s diseases. The mechanism that underlines the process of neurodegeneration is not well understood. Understanding the process and mechanism involved in neurodegeneration might offer a better therapeutic approach to positively manage cases of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this study’s target was to create an animal model to study neurodegeneration. Sixteen adult male Wistar rats were used in the study and divided into two groups. Control (0.2 mL of normal saline (NS)), and trimethyltin-treated (TMT, 8 mg/kg stat dose only). These animals underwent perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde, brain excision and analysis of p53 antigen, GFAP and Bielshowsky on these tissues. The results showed that animals in the control group showed presence of activated p53 antigen, reactive astrogliosis, neurofibrillary tangles, and amyloid plaques within the cytoplasm of the hippocampal cells. Cornus Ammonis (CA2) and (CA3) showed more of the trimethylrtin injury than CA1 and CA4. This study thus revealed that, intra-peritoneal administration of single dose of 8mg/kg of trimethyltin can offer an attractive disease model to study some neurodegenerative diseases.
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    Exogenous Melatonin Ameliorates Pontine Histoarchitecture and Associated Oxidative Damage in Sodium Fluoride Induced Toxicity
    (Nepalese Society of Neurosurgeons, 2020-08-12) Sulaimon, F. A., Okesina, A. A., Imam, A. L. , Usman R. Y. (aka Ibiyeye R.Y., Ibrahim-Abdulkareem, R. A., Imam, A., Adana M. Y., Shehu, M., Abioye, A. ‘I.R., Ayuba A. I., Ajao M. S.
    Background: Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a highly consumed food additive, that is capable of disrupting the activities of several brain areas. It is unclear whether this compound affects the autonomic activities of the brain. Objective: Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the ameliorative potentials of exogenous melatonin on sodium fluoride-induced pontine toxicity in adult male Wistar rats, as melatonin has been implicated to have a high concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of injured brains. Method: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8, per group). Groups I, II, III and IV received 0.2 ml of normal saline (NS), 500 ppm of sodium fluoride (NaF) via their drinking water, 10 mg/kg melatonin (MLT), and melatonin with sodium fluoride concurrently (MLT+NaF) respectively for fourteen days. At the end of these treatments, the rats were euthanized and brainstem tissues were excised for histological, histochemical, and biochemical analyses. Results: There were shreds of evidence of DNA fragmentation, vacuolation, dispersion of the Nissl bodies, and axonal disruption in the cells of the basilar pons of the sodium fluoride-treated animals. This was coupled with high concentrations of malondialdehyde and low-level concentrations of glutathione reductase. Melatonin, however, was observed to limit neuronal injury in the cells of the basilar pons in the experimental animals by reducing the extent of cells undergoing process pyknosis, chromatolysis, and demyelination. Also, melatonin was able to reduce the concentration of malondialdehyde and increase glutathione reductase activities in the pons. Conclusion: This study revealed that sodium fluoride injured the pontine histoarchitecture, and induced oxidative damage which were ameliorated by exogenous melatonin treatments.
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    Phoenix dactylifera Polyphenols Ameliorates Monosodium Glutamate Induced Cell Damage in the Dentate Gyrus
    (Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2021-04-01) Usman , R. Y. (aka Ibiyeye R.Y), Sulaimon, F. A., Okesina, A. A., Imam, A., Imam, A. L., Ajao, M. S.
    Background: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) use is quite alarming considering the cascades of toxicity that arises from it. However, this study demonstrated the possible ameliorative activities of polyphenols of Phoenix dactylifera (PPD) on MSG-induced dentate gyrus degeneration in male adult Wistar rats. Aim and Objectives: To check the effects of PPD on MSGinduced dentate gyrus neuronal damage in adult male Wistar rats. Material and Methods: Groups A to D of adult male rats underwent 14-day treatment of Normal Saline (NS), 500 mg ̸ kg PPD, 4 mg ̸g of MSG only, and 4 mg̸g MSG and 500 mg/kg PPD (MSG+PPD) concurrently. Group E received 500 mg ̸ kg PPD for a 14-day period prior to another 14-day of 4mg ̸ gMSG (PPD then MSG). Results: PPD was able to ameliorate the toxic effect of MSG as evidence of better cellular integrity, minimal cell vacuolations, minimized dispersed Nissl bodies and deeply stained Nissl bodies were observed upon PPD administration. It was also observed that it reduced the proliferation of reactive oxygen species, proteins and DNAdamage in the cells of the dentate gyrus. Conclusion: The study concluded that PPD was able to ameliorate the degeneration induced by MSG in the dentate gyrus of Wistar rats.
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    NR2B-DAPK1-P53 mediated hippocampal cell death following monosodium glutamate ingestion and interventions with luteolin, caffeic-acid and phoenix dactylifera .
    (Nepalese Society of Neurosurgeons, 2022-10-30) Ibiyeye R, Imam A, Adana M, Sulaimon F, Ajao M
    Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, but its accumulation potentiates excitotoxicity. In most food seasonings is the monosodium glutamate (MSG), whose over ingestion have been reported with glutamate-like neurotoxicity, thus, this study investigated the efficacy of Phoenix dactylifera and two of its phytochemicals MSG hippocampal toxicity. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to eight groups of six rats each (n=6). The control received normal saline, group 2 received 4 g/kg MSG, groups 3 to 5 received 4 g/kg MSG followed by 100 mg/kg caffeic-acid, 100 mg/kg luteolin and 500 mg/kg Phoenix dactylifera, while groups 6 to 8 received the above agents first followed by 4 g/kg MSG orally for 21 days. 24 hours after the last ingestion, the rats were euthanized and hippocamapal tissue was removed and processed for GluN2B, DAPK1 and p53 immuno histochemical staining. Results: Repeated MSG ingestions caused high expressions of GluN2B, DAPK1 and p53 in the hippocampus of the exposed rats suggestive of an apoptotic cascades along the NR2B-DAPK1-P53 neuronal death pathway. Pre- or posttreatment with caffeic-acid, luteolin or Phoenix dactylifera markedly reduced the hippocampal expressions GluN2B, DAPK1 and p53. Conclusion: Phoenix dactylifera and its flavonoids are capable of downplaying the activities GluN2B, DAPK1 and p53 in MSG toxicity, thereby preventing hippocampal cell death.
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    Phoenix dactylifera and Polyphenols Ameliorated Monosodium Glutamate toxicity in the Dentate Gyrus of Wistar Rats
    (Physiological society of Nigeria, 2023-08) Ibiyeye, R.Y., Imam A., Adana M.Y., Sulaimon F.A., Okesina A.A. and Ajao M.S.
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    Honey prevented MPTP-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and gliosis in adult male Swiss mice.
    (Movement Disorder society, 2023-09) Sulaimon, F., Ibiyeye, R., Imam, A., Imam, A., Ajao, M.
    Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective role of honey against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation induced by MPTP in adult male Swiss mice. Background: Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation have been noted as prominent factors in PD development and progression, of importance is glial cells activation as the main source of oxidative stressors, inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant liberation. Moreover, one of the differential diagnoses of PD is its response to L-Dopa treatment which does not prevent its progression. Hence, the is a need for a neuroprotective therapy that will prevent the death of these neurons and/ or halt the progression of PD. Honey has been reported to be a radical scavenging gel as well as an enhancer of the antioxidant defence system in addition to its anti-inflammatory role. Method: 40 adult male Swiss mice used for this study were divided into control and PD model groups of 20 animals each. 10 of the control animals received PBS while the others received 2g/kg body weight of honey (HON) for 21 days. However, 10 of the PD model group were pretreated with HON before PD induction. Behavioural studies were conducted 2 days after the induction while the animals were sacrificed 7 days after the induction. PD was induced by the administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) 4 times at 2-hour intervals. Results: The result shows that there were significantly (P≤0.05) higher motor activities in the PD models pretreated with the honey when compared to the non-treated PD models. furthermore, honey pretreatment prevented the midbrain gliosis observed in the non-treated PD models. Honey also prevented the respective downregulation and upregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expressions induced by MPTP at P≤0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that honey administration prevented MPTP-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and gliosis thereby preserving the motor behaviours of the experimental mice.
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    Incentivised methods towards the retention of blood donors in Nigeria
    (Transfusion Medicine , Wiley, 2023-09-08) Muhammad Nurudeen
    Background: There has been growing inadequacy of voluntary blood donors in Nigeria, resulting in inadequate availability and supply of safe blood and blood products in blood banks and hospitals. Aim: To determine the factors that promote voluntary blood donor retention among the Nigerian population. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed using an electronically transmitted survey. The respondents were individuals aged 18 years and above who have donated blood at least once in their lifetime. Quantitative data such as gender, age range, number of previous donations, and factors that motivate and discourage blood donation were collated and analysed. Result: The respondents were 53.8% male and 49.2% female, mostly between 26 and 40 years old and from diverse ethnoreligious backgrounds spread across Nigeria. The majority of respondents opined that the need to help others was their greatest motivation to become firsttime donors. When asked about the motivations for regular blood donation, the majority of the respondents (47.5%) stated that regular calls and reminders were the main motivation. Similarly, most respondents claimed to have had a positive experience during previous donations, however, they highlighted that time constraints and busy schedules were the two main factors that prevented them from donating more frequently. Discussion and Conclusion: Retaining voluntary blood donors in Nigeria has been a herculean task for government-managed blood transfusion agencies, hospitals and non-profits in the space. Our study reveals that regular communication must be established with first-time and recurrent voluntary blood donors to maintain their continued commitment to saving lives. However, regular phone calls, text messages and emails that have been found to be beneficial in retaining voluntary blood donors require adequate coordination, designated personnel and funds to execute. Hence, blood collection agencies and blood donation charities must be supported with funds and other resources for effective communication with new and existing blood donors. Keywords: Blood, Donor, Voluntary, Database, Transfusion