Department of Mechanical Engineering

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DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER INTERFACE PROGRAM FOR THE MAINTENANCE PLANNING AND SCHEDULING OF DANGOTE FLOUR MILLS, ILORIN, NIGERIA
(FACULTY of ENGINEERING ‐ HUNEDOARA, ROMANIA, 2012) Ajao, K. R.; Issa, W. A.; Muhammed, B. H.
This work developed an interface for the planning and scheduling of plant maintenance operations at Dangote Flour Mills, Ilorin Nigeria. The focus of this computer based maintenance planning is to ensure continuous operations of equipment, plant and machineries and reduce operation stoppages or downtimes. It provides interactive modules whereby industrial activities can be assigned to employees by the company's management while employees can have an immediate view of job schedule, simplifies the process of requesting for work to be performed and manage the issuance of work permits, control parts and inventory, keep good record of equipment and appropriate safety management through proper documentation of accidents that may occur in plant operations among others. The paper form of planning and scheduling industrial work activities is tedious, past maintenance and scheduling records are always difficult to retrieve and in many instances when the stock level becomes zero all industrial production seizes and its attendant consequences.
Computer Aided Design and Drafting of Helical Gears
(2012) Akinnuli B. O; Ogedengbe T. I; Oladosu K. O
An interactive user friendly low cost software called “CADDgear” was developed in this study to facilitate the design and drafting of helical and spur gears thereby generating reliable data for use in manufacturing process. The software was developed, using JAVA programming language, as a tool for determining the design parameters and producing accurate and efficient 3D (three dimensional) and 2D (two dimensional) detail working drawings of helical gears. The study considered the existing approaches in use for the design of helical gears and then established a design analysis procedure for helical gear design. The established procedure was implemented through the developed software so that a substantial saving in term of time and cost of production of the design is obtained. The outcome of this research would enhance the designer’s productivity by reducing the time required to synthesis, analyze and document helical gear design. This would permit a thorough analysis of a large number of design alternatives. Results generated by the software shows very good agreement with that obtained through manual calculation using the established procedure. It was observed that the developed software successfully increase productivity over manual gear design and drafting by approximately thirty-four times in term of the time required for the design
Computer Application for Maintenance Planning and Scheduling of Industrial Plant
(International Institute for Science, Technology and Education, 2012-01) Ajao, K. R.; Issa, W. A.; Muhammed, B. H.
Plant maintenance involves all activities carried out on a machine to ensure a zero downtime of operation. Maintenance activities vary from one industry to the other but the basic maintenance activities are mainly to ensure continuous operations of equipment, plant and machineries. Over the past few decades, the various industrial work activities and maintenance operations are performed without a concrete plan (schedule) or are performed via manual paper work. Industrial operations are usually complex and recurrent activities. Analysis has shown that lack or insufficient maintenance coordination, has accounted for the poor performances and inefficiencies of many industries. Thus, it is pertinent to deduce a planned maintenance organizer or a computer aided design for the planning and scheduling of industrial work activities. This becomes important as computer has revolutionalized industrial activities with the development of modern high level computer programming languages such as visual basic by Microsoft among others.
3D Flow around a Rectangular Cylinder: a review
(AFRREV STECH, Vol. 1 (2) April-July, 2012, 2012-04-01) Odesola, Isaac F.; Olawore, Ayodeji
Turbulent flows around three-dimensional obstacles are common in nature and occur in many applications including flow around tall buildings, vehicles and computer chips. Understanding and predicting the properties of these flows are necessary for safe, effective and economical engineering designs. This paper presents the review of 3D flow around a rectangular cylinder using large eddy simulation as the turbulence model and the computational study is developed in the frame of the Benchmark on the Aerodynamics of a Rectangular Cylinder (BARC). Different simulations around bluff bodies were reviewed and the results obtained through different methodologies are presented. The effect of change by vortex shedding on the magnitude of fluid forces of rectangular cylinders are examined and reported. The aerodynamic integral parameters obtained from different papers are compared.
2D Flow around a Rectangular Cylinder: A Computational Study
(AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology, 2013-01-01) A.S., Olawore; I.F., Odesola
The unsteady flow around a rectangular cylinder is an area of great research for scientist for several years. A two-dimensional unsteady flow past a rectangular cylinder has been investigated numerically for the low Reynolds numbers (flow is laminar). Gambit has been used throughout this work to generate the geometry and meshes and the computational fluid dynamics analysis is done using fluent software. The influence of vortical structure and pressure distribution around the section of rectangular cylinders are examined and reported. The integral aerodynamic parameters are also reported. Strouhal numbers for Reynolds numbers of 55, 75, 100, 150, 250 and 400 are 0.102, 0.122, 0.129, 0.136, 0.139 and 0.158 respectively. The magnitudes of the coefficient of drag for the Reynolds numbers are 1.565, 1.524, 1.432, 1.423, 1.526 and 1.545. The lift coefficient for flow around a rectangular cylinder with a chord-to-depth ratio equal to 5 of low Reynolds numbers of 55, 75, 100, 150, 250 and 400 are 0.067, 0.101, 0.157, 0.212, 0.404 and 0.537 respectively. The pressure drags obtained in the simulations at zero angle of incidence are 1.446, 1.455, 1.439, 1.412, 1.579 and 1.602 for Reynolds numbers 55, 75, 100, 150, 225, and 250. The velocity across the rectangular cylinders varies from 0.089 to 1.02m/s. The forces caused by vortex shedding phenomenon must be taken into account when designing buildings for safe, effective and economical engineering designs.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR DESIGN OF A SCALABLE COMBUSTION FURNACE USING PALM KERNEL SHELL AS HEAT SOURCE
(Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, Romania, 2017-03-01) .K.O. OLADOSU; B. KAREEM; B.O. AKINNULI; T.B. ASAFA
Steam boiler is an integral and important component of steam turbine used for electricity generation. Its design is however complex, time consuming and prone to errors if done manually. In this study, we report the application of computer based approach to design palm kernel shell combusting furnace for generating a desired amount of electricity. Using backward calculation approach, standard design equations were used to size furnace and its components. The equations were coded and solved using C-Sharp programming language. The results showed that to generate 5 kW of electricity from palm kernel shell; 5.5 kW turbines, 3.6 m super heater, 3.2 m riser, furnace of 1.432 m height and 0.45 m3 volume were required having considered power loss due to friction and others. While these results are in good agreement with those calculated manually, human errors are virtually eliminated. In addition, calculations and drafting time were reduced from 5 hrs 47 mins when done manually to about 4 mins when the developed code was used. This code can be used to size boiler for any desired power output.
Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Awning/Canopy for Thermal Comfortability
(FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2017-03-24) Ajao, K. R., Yahaya, T., Kolawole, M. Y., & Aweda, J. O
This paper presents the design, fabrication and performance evaluation of retractable awning/canopy system for thermal comfortability. It consists of frame (mild steel bars), linear actuator, fabric (acrylic), adapter, roller pathways and photo sensor (for easiness of control). After fabrication and coupling of the whole components of the retractable awning system, it was connected to the adapter and power source for performance test evaluation. It was observed that, the actuator arm which was coupled to the fabric began projecting outward and once the photo sensor was shaded from sunlight using a dark material, the fabric retracted into the roller. Also a reduced solar heat gain factor of 28.16 W was achieved by shading the window compared to the solar gain factor of 498.54 W before shading with a cooling load of 415.37 W. This can be incorporated into building plans especially those at the sunheating direction and tropical region to reduce inner-house temperature air-conditioner loading for longer life and efficient operation
Energy consideration in machining titanium alloys with a low carbon manufacturing requirements: a critical review
(Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2018-05-30) Taoheed, Olohunde Sadiq; Olawore, Sulaiman; Idris, Jamaliah
Machining of titanium alloys poses a serious challenge for the industry, due to its tendency to work harden during the machining process, high cutting temperatures, high cutting pressures, chatter, and its reactivity with tool materials over 500°C. In conjunction with its low thermal conductivity and low modulus of elasticity, these factors impede the machinability of titanium. This work presents an overview on machining the Titanium Alloy by considering the energy involved in the manufacturing processes to have a low carbon manufacturing requirements by evaluating carbon emission in the manufacturing process plan.
Optimization of combustion characteristics of palm kernel‑based biofuel for grate furnace
(Springer Science, 2018-06-09) Buliaminu Kareem; Kamoru O. Oladosu; Abass O. Alade; Mondiu O. Durowoju
Grate firing is one of the main competing technologies in biomass combustion for steam and electricity generation. Ash generated in the furnace during combustion process would greatly reduce the boiler thermal performance and may lead to unscheduled shutdown. The focus of this study is to optimize the combustion characteristics of the mixture of palm kernel shell (PKS) and selected additives (Al2O3, MgO and CaO) to develop a fuel mixture of low ash yield and higher heating value (HHV). D-Optimal Design under Cross Methodology of Design Expert (6.08) was employed to mix the components alongside various particle sizes. The mixed samples were ashed in a muffle furnace (848 K) to a constant weight and their HHV were determined using Ballistic Bomb Calorimeter. Combustion test based on optimized PKS additive mixture was conducted with a 5 kW grate furnace from which the effects of varying the ratio of primary to secondary air flow rate on temperatures and flue gas compositions from the furnace were measured. The ash obtained after combustion process was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the purpose of identifying the mineral phase compounds that are present in PKS and PKS-additive ash. The optimum composition obtained for the process was 2.5, 0.0, 5.0, 92.5% and 5.50 mm for additives (Al2O3, MgO, CaO), PKS and particle size, respectively. The composition resulted in lowest ash yield (0.56%) and HHV (20.64 kJ/g). The coefficient of determination (R2) (0.7951 and 0.7344) and least-square errors (0.19 and 0.024) of the prediction model indicated a close fitness to the experiment results obtained for ash yield and HHV. Primary to secondary air ratio of (40:60) recorded maximum temperature (1058 K), minimum level of CO (285 ppm) and 6% oxygen. XRD results showed excellent interaction between PKS and additives. The appearance of potassium-alumino silicate (KAlSiO4) in the PKS-additive ash prevented the release of potassium chloride which has the ability to increase ash deposition and corrosion
Computer Aided Design and Fabrication of Garri Rotary Fryer with Brush Scrapping Device
(International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), 2018-08) Oladebeye, D.H.; Adefidipe, E.R.; Issa, W. A.
A simple gari frying machine with brush scrapping device was done using Computer Aided Design (CAD), and then fabricated. The gari frying machine consists of a rotary shaft with paddles having brush scrappers at the tip. This system is inserted into a drum to fry sieved cassava mash with the aid of charcoal as the source of heat in the chamber is controlled by introducing heat exchangers. The paddle shaft is driven by a synchronous electric motor of 3.75kw with 1460rpm. As the shaft rotates, the paddle having a to and fro conveyor effect, turns the dewatered sieved cassava mash being fried. The total cost of production is N176, 095.
Evaluation of mechanical and electrical properties of squeeze cast 1xxx aluminium
(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, 2018-12-30) Kolawole, M.Y., Aweda, J.O. and Abdulkareem, S.,
The effect of squeeze cast pressure on the mechanical and electrical properties of 1xxx aluminium was experimentally studied. Aluminium (1xxx) metal was melted and poured into a preheated split die at 700±10 oC. Varying values of pressures were applied on the cast using Vega hydraulic press to produce sound cast samples. Mechanical, microstructural and electrical properties of cast products were examined on Monsanto universal tensile testing machine (UTM), Rockwell hardness tester and DC 4 probes wire respectively. The results of the investigations revealed that squeeze cast pressure influenced the microstructure through grain refinement which led to enhancement of the mechanical properties of the metal. Improvement of 41.03 % in hardness at applied pressure of 190 MPa and 200% in tensile strength at applied pressure of 127 MPa were obtained for the squeeze cast metal. There was an increase in electrical conductivity by 18.5 % at 127 MPa applied squeeze cast pressure. Squeeze casting is thus presumed to be a suitable processing route for improving the mechanical and electrical properties of aluminium metal of 1xxx series.
Performance Evaluation of Garri Rotary Fryer with Brush Scrapping Device
(International Journal of Engineering and Techniques, 2019-02) Oladebeye, D.H.; Issa, W. A.; Adefidipe, E. R.
A gari rotary fryer with brush scrapping device designed using Computer Aided Design (CAD), and fabricated.The paddle shaft is driven by a synchronous electric motor of 3.75kw with 1460rpm. The turn out as being recorded from performance evaluation given at 3kg of cassava mash fried produced 2.7kg in 6minutes at an average temperature of 770C. After considering the mass before frying, mass of charcoal used for frying, moisture loss, mass of net gari fried, time for frying, moisture loss, mass of gari net gari fried, time for frying and rate of frying, the machine has an efficiency of 90%.
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF HELICAL GEAR
(University POLITEHNICA Timisoara, Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, Romania., 2019-02-01) K.O. OLADOSU; A.O. AJAYEOBA; B.O. AKINNULI; M.O. ADEWUMI
In recent times, the gear design has become a highly complicated and comprehensive subject. A designer of a modern gear drive system must remember that the main objectives of a gear drive is to transmit higher power with comparatively smaller overall dimensions of the driving system which can be constructed with minimum possible manufacturing cost, runs reasonably free of noise and vibrations and which requires little maintenance. As a result, an interactive user friendly low cost software HelOSpur2011” was developed to relieve designer of analytical way of calculating needed parameters for design of helical and spur gears, generating reliable data for use in manufacturing process. The software is able to produce accurate and efficient 2D (two dimensional) and 3D (three dimensional) detail working drawings as a result of interactive computer graphics and provide substantial saving in time and cost of production. Results generated by the software shows that the computed face width (for strength check) and wear check for helical gears design as against manual methods were in relative error of 0.64% and 0.35% respectively. Relative accuracy of the software stand at 99.6%.The work has demonstrated the effectiveness of using the software to cater for helical gear design problems as well as spur gears when helix angle is zero. The introduction of this software to the society will in no small way increase productivity and reliability of helical and spur gears design.
Optimization Of Clay-Bonded Graphite Crucible Using D-Optimal Design Under Mixture Methodology
(2019-07-07) Olurotimi M. Adeoti; Olurotimi A. DahunsiA.; Olayinka O. Awopetu; Kamoru O. Oladosu; Omolayo M. Ikumapay
The aim of this study is to optimize clay-bonded graphite crucible from the mixture of clay and graphite and selected additives (MgO and SiC) using D-optimal under the Mixture Methodology of the Design-Expert version 6.08. The samples were dried forced under the normal atmospheric condition for two weeks and were oven dried at 100oC and later fired in a muffle furnace at 11000C. The samples were subjected to the following mechanical test bulk density, linear firing shrinkage, and apparent porosity. The results obtained shows that experimental Run 7 gave the least value of bulk density (1.80) with Clay (80 %), Graphite (10 %) and MgO and SiC (10 %) respectively but Run 9 gave the lowest apparent porosity with Clay (70 %), graphite (10 %) [MgO and SiC (10 %)]. Further investigation conducted indicated that Run 13 with percentage composition of 80 % clay, 10 % graphite, 5 % MgO and 5 % SiC gave the highest value of the bulk density of 2.91 and the least value of linear shrinkage of 2.15 and the apparent porosity value of 28.20. These values fall within the experimental range given by literature. Though by natural intuition and from the literature survey, run 14 would have been selected but based on values obtained, run 13 was confirmed and concluded upon to have a better composition as a result of the computer analysis using design expert considering the values obtained from the selected mechanical test
Mechanical Properties of Powder Metallurgy Processed Biodegradable Zn-Based Alloy for Biomedical Application
(World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, 2019-12-28) Kolawole, M. Y., Aweda, J. O., Iqbal, F., Ali, A., & Abdulkareem, S
Zinc is a non-ferrous metal with potential application in orthopaedic implant materials. However, its poor mechanical properties were major challenge to its application. Therefore, this paper studies the mechanical properties of biodegradable Zn-based alloy for biomedical application. Pure zinc powder with varying (0, 1, 2, 3 & 6) wt% of magnesium powders were ball milled using ball-topowder ratio (B:P) of 10:1 at 350 rpm for 4 hours. The resulting milled powders were compacted and sintered at 300 MPa and 350 °C respectively. Microstructural, phase and mechanical properties analyses were performed following American standard of testing and measurement. The results show that magnesium has influence on the mechanical properties of zinc. The compressive strength, hardness and elastic modulus of 210 ± 8.878 MPa, 76 ± 5.707 HV and 45 ± 11.616 GPa respectively as obtained in Zn-2Mg alloy were optimum and meet the minimum requirement of biodegradable metal for orthopaedics application. These results indicate an increase of 111, 93 and 93% in compressive strength, hardness and elastic modulus respectively as compared to pure zinc. The increase in mechanical properties was adduced to effectiveness of compaction pressure and intermetallic phase formation within the matrix resulting in high dislocation density for improving strength. The study concluded that, Zn-2Mg alloy with optimum mechanical properties can therefore be considered a potential candidate for orthopaedic application
DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND TESTING OF A MOVABLE SOLAR OPERATED SPRAYER FOR FARMING OPERATION
(International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), 2020-03) Issa, W.A.; Abdulmumuni, B.; Azeez, R.O.; Okpara I.N.; Fanifosi, J.O.; Ologunye O.B.
Famers do spray seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc. to protect crops from different insects, pests, diseases and have good harvests. Hand and fuel operated spray pumps are the most common sprayer used in Nigeria. The sprayer causes user fatigue due to excessive bulky and heavy construction, a user can't use it for more than five (5) hours without getting tired, the fuel sprayer is expensive to maintain, emits carbon dioxide and harmful to our environment. In this study, a movable solar operated sprayer for the farming operation was designed and fabricated to overcome these difficulties. The system operates in both direct mode and indirect mode. In the direct mode, the sprayer is operated from the electricity generated by 50W solar panel mounted on a movable frame and in the indirect mode it is operated on stored electrical energy in the lead-acid DC battery (12 V, 12 Ah). Priming diaphragm pump of 10W or mini DC reciprocating cycle motor of 5W is used to generate the required operating pressure to spray the liquid pesticide formulations. The capacity of the storage tank is 20 liters for uninterrupted operation of 25.1 minutes with the discharge rate of 0.79 L/min through the electric flexible mists high-pressure multiple sprayers with four (4) nozzles. Data generated from the theoretical formulae were used to fabricate the system using locally available and durable materials. The sprayer was tested in farmland on two different crops after charging the battery for 3 hours in sunlight. The results obtained were as follows: Power conversion efficiency 20.4%, the time required to charge the battery 2.88hrs, time taken to spray 1 acre of land 2.13hrs, backup time of spray 14.5hrs, application rate 0.04 𝐿/𝑚2 and operating time of the battery 8hrs. The results obtained show that solar sprayer was effective and will be useful in rural areas where there is no constant power supply. The system is incorporated with an energy bulb and charging kit to light up the farmyard and for the operator to charge his/her phone
Design and Fabrication of a Charcoal Fish Smoking KILN
(International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 2020-05) Issa, W. A.; Fatile O.E.; Abdulmumuni B.; Ologunye, O.B.; Okpara, I.N.
The fabricated charcoal fish smoking kiln was done to improve on the performance of the existing technology and determine its performance for future applications. The charcoal fish smoking kiln is made from rectangular mild steel of 2mm thickness and has three chambers such as the blower chamber, charcoal chamber, and the smoke chambers respectively. The chambers were insulated with 20mm thick thermosetting polymer welded in between two mild steel plates. The end of the smoke chambers is connected to a blower to assists in the heat convective flow mechanism during operation. The weight loss of the fish sample being calculated can be used to determine the smoking efficiency, including the smoking time by using charcoal and the temperature can as well be determined. The smoking kiln was tested by using two different species of fish: cat and panla smoked to an average moisture content of 62.5% within an average period of 4 hours, the average final weight of the dried fish was 0.24 Kg, weight loss 22.45Wb, residence temperature of 60-800C, heat exchanger temperature is 2430C, and heat different at chimney 242 0C. The fabricated machine is highly efficient. It produced dried smoked fish that lasted for seven weeks without spoilage. The fish produced had a golden brown colour. The fish processing itself took less than one hour and the temperature of the heat supplied was quite higher than the traditional drum oven type.
Gr–Al composite reinforced with Si3N4 and SiC particles for enhanced microhardness and reduced thermal expansion
(Springer Nature, 2020-05-06) T. B. Asafa; M. O. Durowoju; K. P. Madingwaneng; S. Diouf; E. R. Sadiku; M. B. Shongwe; P. A. Olubambi; O. S. Ismail; M. T. Ajala; K. O. Oladosu
Characteristics of Al-Alloy/Seashell (SESB) Composites in Acidic and Alkaline Environments
(Covenant Journal of Engineering Technology, 2020-06-28) [3] Abdulkareem, S., Aweda, J. O., Kolawole, M. Y., Ibitoye, S. E., Akintunde, T. S., & Mohammed, M. O.
The corrosion behaviour of Al-alloy/Seashell (SeSh) composites in the acidic and alkaline environment was investigated in this study. Fifteen Aluminum alloy composites samples were produced usingstir casting technology by varying the amount of reinforcement (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5 wt%) and particle size (100, 150, 200 μm) of milled SeShin the Aluminium alloy matrix. The corrosion rate was determined using a weight loss technique after 18 days of immersion at an interval of 72 hours. It was observed that 6.0 wt% of the 100 μm reinforced Aluminium alloy had the best corrosion resistance in acidic and alkaline environments. In general, the reinforced Al-alloy had better corrosion resistance when compared with the unreinforced samples. Analyses of the results show that aluminum alloy seashell composites exhibited better resistance to corrosion in the alkaline environment than the acidic environment
Influence of calcined snail shell particulates on mechanical properties of recycled aluminium alloy for automotive application
(Acta Periodica Technologica, 2020-07-25) [15] Kolawole, M. Y., Aweda, J. O., Abdulkareem, S., Bello, S. A., Ali, A., & Iqbal, F
Nowadays, low-cost particulate reinforced metal matrix composites with improve mechanical properties are highly sought in various industrial and critical engineering applications including automotive and aerospace sectors. Meanwhile, increasing consumption rate of African giant land snail (Archachatina marginata) had been posing disposal challenges of its shells. Therefore, this paper tends to investigates the influence of waste snail shells particulates on the physical and mechanical properties of recycled aluminum-silicon alloy matrix. Different weight proportions i.e. (0 – 7.5) wt% of calcined snail shell particles at an interval of 1.5 wt% were successfully incorporated into Al-Si alloy matrix melted at 750 °C using stir-casting route. The microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of the resulting composites were examined and presented. Microstructural examination shows fairly uniform dispersion of snail shell particles in the aluminium alloy matrix intermingled with aluminium-silicon dendrites. Mechanical properties such as hardness, impact, compressive and tensile strengths increased with increasing addition of calcined snail shell particulate up to 6 wt% while density and elongation decreases. The total equivalent density reduction of 5.4% in composites compared to unreinforced alloy was obtained at 7.5 wt% snail shell addition. The maximum hardness, impact, compressive and tensile strengths obtained are 118±4 HV, 88 J, 552±20 MPa and 211 ± 4.8 MPa equivalent to 21, 25, 19 and 36 percent increase respectively relative to un-reinforced aluminium-silicon alloy. Hence, mechanical and physical properties of Al-Si alloy can be enhanced using calcined snail shell particulates which can widen its application in automotive industries

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