Browsing by Author "Isiaka, R."

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    Development of a Multi-Level Data Encryption Standard with Residue Number System for Data Security
    (Faculty of Communication and Information Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on ICT for National Development and its Sustainability, May 21-24, 2024 (ICT4NDS2024), 2024) Adebayo, A.; Adeniyi, A.E.; Ajao, J.; Isiaka, R.; Gbolagade, K.; Abdulsalam, S.
    Data security is critical in ensuring the privacy of data including sensitive material that ought to only be known by a few people. Every society needs secured data to maintain the integrity and authentication of the data. Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a block cipher algorithm that has been used to secure data or information over the years. Despite the tremendous efforts made by researchers on DES algorithm and efforts to reduce its computational complexity, DES is still susceptible to brute force attack. The need to increase the degree of security of DES algorithm led to the introduction of Residue Number System (RNS) to the DES algorithm as proposed in this study. The method for DES-RNS multilevel encryption uses a 64bits plaintext message which was encrypted using the DES technique. The 64bits plaintext message was divided into two equal halves; 32bit left plaintext (LPT) and 32bit right plaintext (RPT). The RPT was encrypted using 48bit sub-keys and the result was XORed with LPT. The transformation of RPT and LPT was performed for sixteen (16) rounds to produce encrypted text of 64bits. The encrypted text of DES was converted to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) and passed through RNS forward conversion. The RNS made use of the moduli set 〖m_1=2 〗^n+1,m_2= 2^n and m_3=2^n-1. The decryption was performed using Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT). The result was evaluated when it comes to cryptographic time, encryption/decryption memory, encryption/decryption throughput and security on three varying text sizes (256, 800 and 1472 bit) for DES only and DES-RNS multilevel cyrptosystem. Using DES, time and throughput shows a better performance for 256bit, 800bit and 1472bit message size but lesser performance in memory and security for 256bit, 800bit and 1472bit message size. On the other hand, using DES-RNS, time and throughput gives a lesser performance for 256bit, 800bit and 1472bit message size. Therefore, DES-RNS multilevel encryption model outperformed the conventional DES model in regard to storage utilization and safety, thereby achieving the aim of this research. Consequently, this DES-RNS model can be employed where security and memory conservation is of utmost concern. Keywords: Cryptography, Block Cipher, Data Encryption Standard (DES), Residue Number System (RNS)
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    Factors Impeding Access and Utilization of Information Technology in Nigerian Higher Institutions
    (Proceedings of ICERI2011 Conference, 2011-12-30) Oyedele, J.; Isiaka, R.
    The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education lends itself to students centred teaching pedagogy. This phenomenon and the need for globalization and collaboration are further entrenching the need for ICT in education. To this end, Teachers are expected to exhibit high usage of ICT in their teaching and research, but unfortunately this is not exactly the case in Nigeria just like it is in many other developing countries. The crux of this study therefore was to identify the factors that impede access and utilization of ICT in Nigerian Higher Education Institutions. Two hundred and sixty-nine (269) lecturers in twenty two (22) tertiary institutions across the six geopolitical zone of Nigeria participated in the study. Four research questions were formulated. Structured questionnaire was used to seek experts’ opinions. The data collected were analyzed using percentages. Items that carried the highest percentage were considered the consensus of the respondents. The findings revealed factors impeding successful access and utilization of ICT in the higher education of Nigeria to include among others: social, economic, political, technical, human and electricity (power) factors. Based on the findings recommendations were made that: Higher Education Institutions should be connected to dedicated electricity power lines for guaranteed supply of electricity; the National Research and Education Network should be executed as dedicated Network and linked to Nigerian Universities Broadband Network for Internet access; adequately qualified staff should be engaged in the ICT units, they should be well remunerated and encouraged so that they would provide required technical support; ICT funding policies should be well concretized and enforced.