Development of a Multi-Level Data Encryption Standard with Residue Number System for Data Security
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Date
2024
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Faculty of Communication and Information Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on ICT for National Development and its Sustainability, May 21-24, 2024 (ICT4NDS2024)
Abstract
Data security is critical in ensuring the privacy of data including sensitive material that ought to only be known
by a few people. Every society needs secured data to maintain the integrity and authentication of the data. Data
Encryption Standard (DES) is a block cipher algorithm that has been used to secure data or information over the
years. Despite the tremendous efforts made by researchers on DES algorithm and efforts to reduce its
computational complexity, DES is still susceptible to brute force attack. The need to increase the degree of
security of DES algorithm led to the introduction of Residue Number System (RNS) to the DES algorithm as
proposed in this study. The method for DES-RNS multilevel encryption uses a 64bits plaintext message which was
encrypted using the DES technique. The 64bits plaintext message was divided into two equal halves; 32bit left
plaintext (LPT) and 32bit right plaintext (RPT). The RPT was encrypted using 48bit sub-keys and the result was
XORed with LPT. The transformation of RPT and LPT was performed for sixteen (16) rounds to produce
encrypted text of 64bits. The encrypted text of DES was converted to American Standard Code for Information
Interchange (ASCII) and passed through RNS forward conversion. The RNS made use of the moduli set 〖m_1=2
〗^n+1,m_2= 2^n and m_3=2^n-1. The decryption was performed using Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT).
The result was evaluated when it comes to cryptographic time, encryption/decryption memory,
encryption/decryption throughput and security on three varying text sizes (256, 800 and 1472 bit) for DES only
and DES-RNS multilevel cyrptosystem. Using DES, time and throughput shows a better performance for 256bit,
800bit and 1472bit message size but lesser performance in memory and security for 256bit, 800bit and 1472bit
message size. On the other hand, using DES-RNS, time and throughput gives a lesser performance for 256bit,
800bit and 1472bit message size. Therefore, DES-RNS multilevel encryption model outperformed the
conventional DES model in regard to storage utilization and safety, thereby achieving the aim of this research.
Consequently, this DES-RNS model can be employed where security and memory conservation is of utmost
concern.
Keywords: Cryptography, Block Cipher, Data Encryption Standard (DES), Residue Number System (RNS)