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Browsing by Author "Hadizat Audu Salihu"

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A STUDY OF SELECTED PRE-COLONIAL POLITICAL ENTITIES IN THE NIGER-BENUE CONFLUENCE REGION OF NIGERIA
(Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, Federal University Wukari-Taraba State., 2022-05-08) Hadizat Audu Salihu
The Niger-Benue confluence region is multi-lingual with diverse ethnic groups and political entities. The region is well known for its abundant natural resources such as navigable inland waterways, mountains and fertile soil. During the pre-colonial period, the area witnessed migrations of different groupsof people with varying socio-economic and political system into the area which increased the political diversity and activities in the confluence region. The study is aimed at examining some selected political entities in the Niger-Benue confluence area in other to assess their political structures and their impact on the region. The methodology employed in this study is the historical method of analysis which involved the use of both primary and secondary sources of information. The study revealed that there were dynamics in the political system operated in the Niger-Benue confluence region in the pre-colonial era which impacted other ethnic group's political structures and contributed to the development of the region before British colonial rule. The study concludes that the Niger-Benue confluence area like many regions in Nigeria had diverse political entities that have contributed to its development before, during and after colonial rule. It, however, recommends that political institution in the Niger-Benue confluence area is an integral part of its history which has to be studied in other to understand its metamorphosis, change and growth over time.
A STUDY OF SELECTED PRE-COLONIAL POLITICAL ENTITIES IN THE NIGER-BENUE CONFLUENCE REGION OF NIGERIA
(Wukari International Studies Journal, 2022-10-19) Hadizat Audu Salihu
Africanism
(Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., New York: US, 2021-01-02) Hadizat Audu Salihu; Daraojimba Kingsley Chinedu, Ezeoke Chinwe Beatrice, and Idode Esiemogie Patrick
This article examines Africanism, its meaning, theoretical underpinnings and applications. Employing a descriptive approach, the article begins with an introduction of the ideology—i.e. Africanism, its ideas and ideals that as the basis of culture and values, and the reason why Africanism was able to resist the onslaught for so long, despite the cross cultural interaction, and influence of westernization. Next, the theoretical basis of Africanism is discussed. After that, three related issues of Africanism are examined. In the end, it is demonstrated that Africanism helps to preserve Africa’s heritage and value system that are in consonance with its environment, either on the Motherland or in the Diaspora, and any way to displace it renders the community backward, and a suggestion for future research is made. Thus, the major questions that undergird the article are the following: What are the ideas and ideals of Africanism? What theoretical postulates undergird Africanism? What are some of the issues that are related to Africanism? How can Africanism be used to restore the culture and traditions of Africans on the continent and in the Diaspora, and be employed to address some of Africa’s contemporary traditional trials and cultural tribulations? Concurrently, the central thesis of this paper is that Africanism is quite viable for dealing with Africa’s present challenges. The substantive findings generated after the analysis suggest that the thesis is tenable.
An Expose of Civilian Women (J.T.F) Combating Terrorism in Northeast Nigeria
(Center for Kwararafa Studies, Kwararafa University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria., 2024-12-06) Hadizat Audu Salihu
Terrorism in Africa is a 21st century phenomenon, most of which arose from religious fundamentalism in the continent. The Boko haram sect has perpetuated the most devastating act of terrorism in Africa especially in the North Eastern part of Nigeria where millions of lives and properties were lost. To combat the Boko haram terrorist, the Nigerian armed forces worked closely with civilian who are from the Northeast of Nigeria. Among the civilians are women who actively participate in combating the terrorist despite their traditional role in African sociocultural setting. The study explores the role played by women as members of the civilian Joint Task Force in North Eastern part of Nigeria and how they were able to defy all odds to combat terrorism in their various communities. Qualitative research method was adopted in the study as it entails the use of interviews (live story), oral information, text books, newspapers, the internet, magazines as well as audio and visual materials. The study reveals that, women are highly vulnerable and affected by the menace of the Boko haram terrorist whereby many were killed, kidnapped and used as sex slaves, suicide bombers as well as domestic slaves by the Boko haram terrorist. All these heinous crimes are perpetuated against women irrespective of age, religious inclination and status. The effects of terrorism are enormous on women and as a result have led to the determination of some women in the North East Nigeria to join hands and partner with the civilian JTF in the fight against Boko haram. The study therefore concludes that these women have used motherly instinct and resilience to perform actively as members of the civilian JTF and are as important as their male counterpart and are ready for any challenges and duties even as peace keeping forces with or without formal military training in tactics and decoy.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS' ENROLMENT IN HISTORY SUBJECT IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ILORIN METROPOLIS
(2013-06-06) Hadizat Audu Salihu
This study aim at bringing into limelight the enrolment of students into History subject in Senior Secondary Schools in Ilorin the capital of Kwara state. History subject has suffered a major setback in terms of enrolment of student which has resulted in low number of students studying history at senior secondary school level. Before independence History subject was made a compulsory subject by the colonial masters with the introduction of formal education because of the importance of the subject to both human and national development. In the late 20th, this important subject began to suffer low enrolment, especially after the introduction of subjects like government; this trend thus prompted research of this kind. In carrying out this research a survey research typology was considered most appropriate for the study, thus focusing on students' records as regards the study via collecting and comparing the number of students that enrol for History subject in the five schools (purposively selected) within the period of five years, that is, from 2005-2010. Five research questions were raised and three hypotheses were formulated. Simple percentages and average weighted scores (mean scores) were used to answer research questions and test hypotheses. The study however made some recommendations among which are that history should be made a lively subject that will attract students, furthermore, teachers handling the subject should be well motivated, recruitment of qualified teachers and provision of facilities to teach the subject such as good books in the school library and access to resource persons and places for easy understanding of the subjects by students.
Conceptualizations of Africa.
(African Studies and Research Forum Series. Springer, Cham., 2025-02-28) Hadizat Audu Salihu
In this chapter, I discuss the conceptualizations of Africa in the field of History, an academic discipline which many scholars have defined as the study of past events, people, and societies. It is the exploration of the past through the examination of written and non-written sources, artifacts, and other forms of evidence (Carr, 1961). The goal of history is to understand the past and to explain how and why things happened the way they did. The concept of History has evolved, with different approaches and perspectives. Traditional approaches to History focused on political and military events, while more recent approaches have expanded to include social, cultural, and economic aspects (Burke, 2008). Historians use a variety of sources to reconstruct the past, including primary sources such as letters, diaries, pictures, drawings, songs, chants, and official documents, as well as secondary sources such as textbooks and scholarly articles. They also use a range of methods, including qualitative and sometimes quantitative approaches, to interpret the evidence and draw conclusions to narratives (Gaddis, 2004). History has important practical applications in all fields of life, such as informing policy decisions, preserving cultural heritage, and promoting social cohesion. It also has intrinsic value as a way to understand and appreciate the diversity of human experience and the complexity of human societies (Bauer, 1948). Africa has been studied by many Western historians since the 1900s with misconceptions about Africa, such scholars are Hugh Trevor-Roper, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, David Hume, Hegel, E. D. Morel, and many other European scholars and colonial powers viewed African societies as primitive and uncivilized, with a culture and history that were inferior to their own.
Conducting Research and Mentoring Students in Africa CODESRIA College of Mentors Handbook
(Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2019-07-02) Hadizat Audu Salihu
This chapter introduces and describes 22 African-centered research methods. They range from the ancient Egyptian Rekh method to the contemporary Kwame Nkrumah’s Consciensist method. Together, these research methods offer a healthy corrective and/or augmentation to the preceding Western/Eurocentric methods for the scientific investigation of African phenomena.
Corohistory
(Lexington Books, 2022-11-08) Hadizat Audu Salihu
The chapter traces the history of Coronaviruses before the outbreak of the COVID-2019 to isolate the latter variant's actual impact on the minds of people, also an overview of some of the pandemics that have affected the world shall be discussed to create a clearer view of the COVID-2019 pandemic in historical narratives.
ETHNICITY, ECONOMIC INJUSTICE AND PROBLEMS OF MASSIVE CORRUPTION CORRELATES IN EXPLAININGWHY GOOD GOVERNMENT ELUDES NIGERIA
(Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU), 2013-04-01) Hadizat Audu Salihu; Dawood Omolumen Egbefo
This paper is on ethnicity, economic injustice, and the problem of massive corruption and explains why good governance eludes Nigeria.
From IWD to NIWA, impact on the development of Lokoja, 1956-2007
(LAP Lambert Academic Publisher, 2015-12-12) Hadizat Audu Salihu
The study examines the importance of the inland waterways in Nigeria, especially Rivers Niger and Benue, which formed a confluence at Lokoja. The organization established by the government to manage the waterways and its impact on the socio-economic development of Lokoja since 1956-2007. A probe into the history of the inland waterways enables us to capture some of the changes or trends of event, that have taken place in its host community, especially Lokoja from the earliest time till the beginning of colonial rule in 1900. This is because, for any meaningful development in a community, state, and country, there are various contributions from different people, government, religious organization and natural phenomenon. The development witnessed by Lokoja can be categorized under the afore-mentioned contributors but the role played by the inland waterways is the trust of this study. Since 1902, the colonial government set up the Marine Department of Nigeria to overlook and manage the rivers and Lokoja was chosen as the headquarters of the Department up till 1914. In 1956, the Inland Waterways Department was created to continue the duties of Marine Department and ensure the navigability of the waterways. However in 1997, the IWD was transformed into NIWA and vested with Federal power and control over Nigeria inland water. Lokoja was also chosen as the headquarters of the Authority. These trends of event on the waterways have impacted the socio-economic development of the town. From the evidence adduced from the study, it is therefore clear that despite the presence of other organizations in Lokoja, the contributions of the bodies that managed the waterways cannot be undermined.
Historicizing Climate Change and Environmental Degradation in the Niger-Benue Confluence Area of Nigeria
(African Studies and Research Forum, 2024-11-06) Hadizat Audu Salihu
Since the pre-colonial and colonial eras, the term commonly used to describe the phenomenon we now refer to as “climate change” was often called “global warming.” During that time, scientists and researchers primarily focused on the observed increase in global average temperatures and its potential impact on the Earth’s climate systems. The Niger-Benue region plays host to the confluence of the two main rivers in Nigeria which contributed to its fame and socioeconomic development since the pre-colonial era. The growth of the population, increase in agriculture, and construction of infrastructures during the post-colonial period contributed to the environmental degradation of the Niger-Benue Confluence region. These environmental concerns include land degradation, water pollution, deforestation, erosion, water pollution, flooding, and biodiversity loss. This article historicizes the effect of global warming and climate change in the Niger-Benue Confluence region which encompasses Lokoja and its environs. Flooding which has become a recurrent phenomenon in the region has led to the loss of many lives and properties, and an increase in crime rates. Using contemporary works and oral interviews, it is argued that despite the development that occurred in the region to forestall the effects of climate change, the region continues to suffer its devastating effects. Keywords: Climate Change, Environment, Degradation, Flooding, Niger-Benue Confluence
INLAND WATERWAYS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGER/BENUE CONFLUENCE REGION OF NIGERIA 1960-2000
(Veritas Catholic University, Abuja, 2020) Hadizat Audu Salihu
Inland waterways can be both a blessing and a curse to their host communities. They become a blessing when used the natural resources is used for development projects and other activities, while they can become a curse when they are left uncared for and lead to flood and breeding ground for mosquitoes, rodents and wild animals. Nigeria, like many other countries in the world, is blessed with abundant inland waterways, which are important for the socio-economic development of the country. This paper focuses on assessing the impacts of Rivers Niger and Benue on the economic development in the Niger-Benue confluence region since Nigeria’s independence in 1960. It also examines the various government policies on the waterways and how they contribute to the development of the Niger-Benue confluence region. The traditional historical approaches which comprise the use of the Archival Research Technique and Oral Interview were employed to gather adequate information for the study. Findings from the information collected show that since independence, the waterways have played a major role in the lives of the people in the region, although there were challenges resulting from diversions of government policies on the waterways. But despite these challenges, the people and the region continued to witness different forms of development with the use of the waterways. The paper therefore concludes that the people of the Niger-Benue confluence region are attached to the rivers which determine the economic activities and development of the Niger-Benue confluence region during the period studied.
INLAND WATERWAYS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGER/BENUE CONFLUENCE REGION OF NIGERIA 1960-2000
(Veritas Catholic University, Abuja, 2020-10-04) Hadizat Audu Salihu
Inland waterways can be both a blessing and a curse to their host communities. They become a blessing when used the natural resources is used for development projects and other activities, while they can become a curse when they are left uncared for and lead to flood and breeding ground for mosquitoes, rodents and wild animals. Nigeria, like many other countries in the world, is blessed with abundant inland waterways, which are important for the socio-economic development of the country. This paper focuses on assessing the impacts of Rivers Niger and Benue on the economic development in the Niger-Benue confluence region since Nigeria’s independence in 1960. It also examines the various government policies on the waterways and how they contribute to the development of the Niger-Benue confluence region. The traditional historical approaches which comprise the use of the Archival Research Technique and Oral Interview were employed to gather adequate information for the study. Findings from the information collected show that since independence, the waterways have played a major role in the lives of the people in the region, although there were challenges resulting from diversions of government policies on the waterways. But despite these challenges, the people and the region continued to witness different forms of development with the use of the waterways. The paper therefore concludes that the people of the Niger-Benue confluence region are attached to the rivers which determine the economic activities and development of the Niger-Benue confluence region during the period studied.
INLAND WATERWAYS AND THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGERIAN REGION C.1800 TO 1950
(Faculty of Hummanities, Kaduna State University, 2022-02-27) Hadizat Audu Salihu
Inland waterways are one of the natural resources that have continually contributed to the development of many civilizations and societies since the prehistoric period. The purpose of the study is to examine the inland waterways in Nigeria and how it was utilized by the people for the economic and social development of their communities during the pre-colonial and colonial periods. The traditional historical method was adopted in writing the paper, these consist of the use of primary and secondary materials gotten from the archives, journals, textbooks, official documents and oral interviews of the key informant. Some of the major findings were that the inland waterways in Nigeria are many with varying sizes and lengths, however, the largest river Niger has several tributaries across Nigeria from which the country derived its name, it was also discovered that major economic activities such as trade, transportation, aquaculture and agriculture were embarked upon by the people through the utilization of the inland waterways. Findings from the study show that inland waterways are indeed important and contribute to the development of their host community if properly utilized and maintained, it is no wonder that some located along the waterways like the Igala, Nupe, Ijaw, Itsekiri, Calabar and other pre-colonial societies tried to exert full control of the waterways for economic and socio-political gains. The study, therefore, concludes that inland waterways have contributed a great deal to the economic development of Nigeria before and after the colonial period.
Internal Security Crisis in Nigeria: Causes, Types, Effects and Solutions
(IJAH Bahir Dar-Ethiopia, 2014-11-27) Hadizat Audu Salihu; Dawood Omolumen Egbefeo
The main objective of this research is to show that the causes of internal security are inevitable and it is part of the fabrics of the society. What the society showed strive for is regulation of crisis or its amicable settlement whenever it arises. Since the extinction of security crisis seems impossible, all the society needs is a mechanism for security crisis management and control. Security crisis is inevitable because it can originate in individual and group reactions to situations of scarce recourses, to division of function within society and differentiation of power and resultant competition for scarce supplies of goods, states, valued roles and power as an end itself. A society without security threat is a dead society since security crisis is a reality of human existence and therefore a means of understanding social behavior. Thus in this paper, internal security crisis as it relates to its causes, types, effects and solutions seems a more sensible starting point in addressing the threat to Nigeria’s existence.
Multidisciplinary Exploration of Corohysteria caused by COVID-2019 Pandemic
(The Rowan and Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2022-02-11) Hadizat Audu Salihu
The Changing Status of Women in the Socioeconomic Sector of the Niger-Benue Confluence Region of Nigeria, 1900-2010
(The Journal of African Studies and Research Forum, 2024-11-25) Hadizat Audu Salihu
Globally, the status of women in society has undergone a remarkable evolution throughout history, reflecting shifts in cultural, economic and political landscapes. While women were traditionally confined to domestic spheres, their roles have progressively expanded, challenging societal norms and fostering positive changes. In the Niger-Benue confluence region of Nigeria, the status of women has been largely traditional as they were not allowed to be heard and seen in the political and economic sectors. This study therefore examines the changing status of women in the socioeconomic sector of the Niger-Benue confluence region of Nigeria. It explores the socioeconomic factors that have shaped the changing status of women, including access to the effects of Christian and Islamic religions, education, economic empowerment, employment opportunities, and cultural factors. Data were collected from studies of published and unpublished works of literature, oral interviews, and archival records. Findings reveal that education and economic empowerment have improved the status of women in the NigerBenue region, but cultural and traditional constraints remain a challenge. This study has important implications for policies to further advance the socioeconomic status of women in the region. It suggests that policies on women's inclusivity in socioeconomic sectors should focus on improving access to education and economic opportunities, as well as initiating dialogue to challenge cultural notions that limit the advancement of women.
The Current Global Economic Crisis: Implication for Best Teacher Practices for University Graduate Capacity Building in Nigeria
(IJAH Bahir Dar-Ethiopia, 2014-04-14) Hadizat Audu Salihu; Dawood Omolumen Egbefeo
The study examines the current global economic recession and its implication for best teacher practices for university graduate capacity building in Nigeria. The main thrust of the paper is the causes of the present recession, solutions and its implications for university graduate capacity building in Nigeria. The paper identifies the plummeting of the prices of real estate in the USA as the remote cause of the recession and the drying up of loanable funds in the money market as the main cause. One of the solutions the paper proffers is that Banking Institutions and other industries should be rescued so that they do not go into bankruptcy. One of the implications for university graduate capacity building in Nigeria is that students should be made to understand that at a time like this, self employment, skills acquisition after graduation is a way out in order to keep our own economy on track.
The Impact of Trade and Commercial Activities on Pre-Colonial Esan Economy up to 1900
(College of Humanities, Samuel Adegboyega University, Ogwa, Edo State, Nigeria., 2014-04-14) Hadizat Audu Salihu; Dawood Omolumen Egbefeo
The paper is a study of the impact of trade and commercial activities in pre-colonial Esan society up to 1900.
The Imposition of Colonial Rule and the Foundations of a New Economy in Esanland, 1900-1960.
(Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, 2014-11-04) Hadizat Audu Salihu; Dawood Omolumen Egbefo
This work is concerned with the imposition of British colonial rule and the foundations of a new Economy in Esanland which transformed the society economically in an extremely narrow, manner that revolved around the particular interests of colonialism. The transformation, it must be noted, did not reproduce Esan society in the mirrow image of Western European. Although colonialism introduced some elements of capitalism into the society, the capitalist mode of production as a system was not introduced and beside it failed to solve many of the problems that had inhibited pre-colonial economic growth in Esan society, it even created new set of difficulties. The work focused on the colonial economy in Esanland with a view to understanding some elements of the colonial economic landscape which are still evident presently.

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