DSpace Angular :: Browsing by Author "Ajiboye, A.E."

Browsing by Author "Ajiboye, A.E."

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Acid-hydrolysed local Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as culture media for Laboratory Yeast (Saccaromyces cerevisiae)
(2011) Siemuri, E.O.; Akintunde, J.K.; Ajiboye, A.E.
Cowpea (Vigna Uguiculata) seeds are nutritious components in the human diet; they contain 63.66 starch, 24.8 protein and 1.9% lipid-fat. Acid-hydrolysis of powdered cowpea extract leads to the breakdown of its complex molecules into simple materials. The hydrolysis of protein in the presence of an acid catalyst gives amino acids, which serves as nitrogen and carbon source for yeast growth. The acid-hydrolysed cowpea filtrates were now tested for yeast growth by culturing or growing the yeast on the media at a variable pH of 5.18 – 5.96. It was observed that test-tube labelled A and B has the highest mean absorbance of 0.810 and 0.882 at 0.5 and 1.0 g/ml cowpea filtrate level in relation to the normal yeast media. Hence, acid-hydrolysed cowpea at a concentration of 0.5 and 1.0 with pH of 5.56 and 5.58 which is cheap and commonly available can be used in growing yeast in the laboratory especially during industrial bumper production. Also, the amino acid content of the cowpea revealed highest in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine and lysine by 1000, 700, 450 and 400% respectively.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF Adansonia digitata STEM BARK EXTRACT ON SOME CLINICAL ISOLATES
(Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, 2020) Ajiboye, A.E.; Sadiq, S.O.; Adedayo, M.R.
Adansonia digitata is a massive and deciduous tree with a height of about 24 m and of significant economic importance. The antimicrobial and phytochemical screening of the aqueous and ethyl-acetate extract of stem bark of the plant were determined on some clinical isolates. The stem bark of the plant was collected and washed o properly before drying at 28 C. The pulverised stem bark was extracted with water and ethyl-acetate and screened for phytochemicals (qualitative and quantitative) using standard methods. The clinical isolates used were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts were carried out using the agar well diffusion methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations were carried out using standard methods. The aqueous extract exhibited a higher zone of inhibition against S. aureus (14.00 ± 0.57 mm) at a concentration of 200 mg/ml while a zone of inhibition of 11.66±0.33 mm was observed for E. coli using ethyl acetate extract. Candida albicans had a zone of inhibition of 11.66±0.88 mmand 11.00±0.57 mm using aqueous and ethyl-acetate extracts respectively at 200 mg/ml. The MIC was 200 mg/ml for the crude extracts against the clinical isolates. The qualitative ethyl-acetate phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenol, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponin and terpenoids. Phenol had the highest concentration of 2.02±0.25 mg/ml while terpenoids had a value of 1.38±0.02 mg/ml. Aqueous and ethyl-acetate extract of A. digitata possess significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. However, K. pneumoniae showed resistance to ethyl acetate extract
Bacterial Assessment of Selected Ready-To-Eat Foods Sold at Some Restaurants within Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State
(Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Kastina, 2023-12) Ajiboye, A.E.; Alabi, S.O.; Hammed, B.A.
Foodborne illness can occur following the intake of food containing high number of viable bacteria and their toxins, although highly common and of public health concern, it is a very preventable occurrence. The research aimed at isolating and identifying the microorganisms that are present in ready to eat foods sold at the Federal Polytechnic, Offa, Kwara State, Nigeria and to study their antibiotics sensitivity patterns. A total of three (3) samples of ready to eat food (White Rice, Beans and Moin moin) were collected from three different canteens within the school premises. Standard methods were used for the total aerobic bacterial counts, coliform counts, Staphylococcus count and Salmonella-Shigella counts. Identification of isolates were performed using various biochemical tests and the antimicrobial sensitivity of bacterial isolates obtained from the food samples was also performed using disc diffusion assay. Beans sample has the highest total aerobic bacteria, Staphylococcus, Salmonella and Shigella counts of 26.67 ± 8.32 x 105 cfu/mL, 3.00 ± 1.00 x 105 cfu/mL and 4.67 ± 3.06 x 105 cfu/mL respectively and Moin moin sample has the highest total coliform count of 6.67 ± 4.93 x 105 cfu/mL. The bacteria isolated from the samples were identified as Enterococcus aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Bacillus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Salmonella enterica. Proteus vulgaris produced the highest zone of inhibition of 15.00 mm with ciprofloxacin while none of the isolates produced a zone of inhibition with rifampicin. It can be concluded from this study that some of the foods sold have considerable number of bacteria which can pose a health risk to the consumers.
Beta-Lactamase production and antibiotic susceptibility screening of Staphylococus aureus isolated from ready to eat fruits sold in some parts of Offa Metropolis, Nigeria
(2024) Adedayo, M.R.; Emmanuel, T.O.; Ajiboye, A.E.
The global menace of community-acquired antibiotic resistance of Beta Lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus has been traced to the increased consumption of Ready-to-eat Foods/Fruits. Samples each of ready-to-eat whole and sliced fruits (sliced pawpaw, apple, sliced watermelon, garden egg, cucumber, pear, guava, sliced coconut, berry and date fruit) were collected randomly from vendors in Offa, Kwara State, in Nigeria. Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from the samples were done. The isolates were screened for Beta-Lactamase production and susceptibility to some antibiotics using standard microbiological techniques. A total of twenty-two (Twenty coagulase-positive and two coagulase-negative) Staphylococcus aureus was isolated. The total Staphylococal count was highest in sliced pawpaw (23.30 ± 2.75 × 10⁵ cfu/g) while the least was recorded in apple (3.0 ± 0.01 × 10⁵ cfu /g). Twenty (20) isolates were recorded to be Beta Lactamase producers. All the Beta Lactamase producers were 100 % resistant to Aztreoname, 80 % to Amoxicillin Clavulate, 45 and 35 % to Ceftazidine and Ceftriaxone. Thirty percent of the isolates were found to be susceptible to Ceftazidine only while 25 % were susceptible to Ceftriaxone only. The study concluded that increased incidence of Community-Acquired Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus could be traceable to the consumption of unhygienic processed Ready-to eat Fruits. The ripple effects could be dangerous to human health.
Isolation, Identification, and Screening of Citric Acid-Producing Fungi from Fermented Orange, Pawpaw, and Banana Peels
(Cameroon Biosciences Society, 2024-07-26) Ajiboye, A.E.; Yusuf, N.A.; Adesokan, T.E.
The high demand for citric acid in diverse industries is increasing annually. Fruit peels which serve as wastes can be utilized as valuable substrates for cultivating fungi that can be used to produce citric acid through fermentation. The present study was conducted to isolate, identify, and screen citric acid-producing fungi from selected fruit peels. Orange, pawpaw, and banana peels were obtained from Ipata market, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. They were rinsed, dried, and pulverized. Submerged fermentation of the peels was carried out for 14 days to isolate naturally occurring fungi. The peels were fermented singly and combined as pawpaw and orange, pawpaw and banana and banana and orange. Isolation was performed using the pour plate method, identification was made using macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the isolates, while screening for citric acid was done using Czapek-dox agar and bromocresol green as indicator. The highest fungal count was obtained from fermented pawpaw peels (49.0 ± 2.83 x 103 cfu/g), while banana peels had 43.00 ± 0.71 x 103 cfu/g and orange peels 40.50 ± 0.71 x 103 cfu/g. Fermented banana and orange peels had the highest fungal count of 38.00 ± 1.41 x 103 cfu/g, while fermented pawpaw and orange peels had a fungal count of 28.00 ± 1.41 x 103 cfu/g. A total of five fungi were isolated and identified as Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp, and Penicillium sp. Four of the fungal isolates screened positively with yellow halos surrounding the colonies except for Fusarium sp. which screened negatively. Aspergillus niger had the highest zone of yellow coloration with a diameter of 41.00 mm, followed by Penicillium sp. (33.00 mm), Mucor sp (29.00 mm), and A. flavus (0 mm). It can be concluded that orange, pawpaw, and banana peels are potential substrates for cultivating citric acid-producing fungi and A. niger screened best for citric acid production.
Itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus using pod of Moringa oleifera as substrate in solid state fermentation.
(Nigerian Society of Microbiology, 2018) Ajiboye, A.E.; Babatunde, S.K.; Adedayo, M.R.; Ajuwon, I.B.; labinjo, Z.Y
Itaconic acid was produced by Aspergillus terreus under solid state fermentation using the pod of Moringa oleifera as substrate. Grinded Moringa pod was weighed into seperate shake flasks containing salts and Aspergillus terreus (3.2 x 104 spores/ml ) was added. The substrate was left to ferment for 5 days. Carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC) was used as control substrate. Itaconic acid was assayed using standard procedures. Different fermentation parameters such as substrate concentration, inoculum size and incubation period were varied to determine the maximum production of itaconic acid. Light spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of the itaconic acid concentration produced after each day of fermentation at 385nm. The maximum yield of itaconic acid of 18.39mg/ml was obtained with a substrate concentration of 10g while 17.2mg/ml was produced with an inoculum size of 6ml (3.2 x 104 cfu/ml ) and 13.91mg/ml on day 5. It is concluded that the pod of Moringa oleifera can be used as a substrate for itaconic acid production using A. terreus in solid state fermentation.
Mycoflora of Phoenix Dactylifera (Date Palm) Fruit Sold in Some Markets in Ilorin
(Globe edu Group www.theijst.com, 2016) Adedayo, M.R.; Babatunde, S.K.; Ajiboye, A.E.; Adetuyi, E.O.
Aim: the research was conducted to isolate and characterize spoilage mycoflora present on dried date palm fruit commonly sold in some markets within Ilorin metropolis. Method: samples were collected from eight different market locations within Ilorin metropolis. The samples were surface sterilized and split opened to isolate fungi from them and the isolates were characterized morphologically on plate and under the microscope. Characteristics observed were compared with literature for the identification of the specimen following standard methods. Physicochemical analysis was also conducted on the samples according to standard techniques. Result: A total number of six fungi were isolated and identified as Apergillus niger, Neurospora crasa, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillusflavus, Penicillum chrysogenum, and Syncaehalastron racemosus withA. niger having the highest percentage of occurrence. The physicochemical analysis revealed that the samples has high percentage of sugar and mineral contents. Conclusion:the study revealed that date palm fruit sold within Ilorin metropolis is heavily contaminated with fungi. The fungi responsible for its spoilage are those that have been known to produce toxic substances which have adverse effect on the consumer’s health.
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef at a commercial slaughterhouse in Moro, Kwara State, Nigeria
(Microbiology Society, 2021) Ajuwon. B.I.; Babatunde, S.K.; Kolawole, O.M.; Ajiboye, A.E.; Lawal, A.H
Background. Gastroenteritis due to foodborne disease is a leading cause of death in developing countries. In Nigeria, there is an increasing demand for beef. Yet, there is no surveillance for Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination of raw beef and little is known about the carriage of this pathogen in Nigeria’s livestock. Methods. A total of 415 samples, including 180 cow carcass swabs, 180 caecal content samples, 16 water samples, 25 hand swabs and 14 knife swabs were collected at a large abattoir in the Moro region of Kwara State, Nigeria. The samples were enriched in modified tryptone broth containing novobiocine, and plated onto Sorbitol–MacConkey agar (Oxoid SR0172E) supple- mented with 0.05 mg l−1 cefixime and 2.5 mg l−1 potassium tellurite (Oxoid) (CT-SMAC). Indole- producing isolates were confirmed serologically by serotyping with antisera specific for the O157 and H7 antigens. The E. coli O157:H7 isolates were further tested for their susceptibility to antibiotic agents using the disc diffusion method. Commercially available Gram-negative multi- discs (Oxoid) comprising nitrofurantoin (30 μg), ampicillin (5 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), augmen- tin (30 μg), ofloxacin (5 μg) and cefuroxime (30 μg) were tested. Results. Overall, 16 (3.9 %) samples were contaminated with E. coli O157:H7, of which 10 (5.6 %) were isolated from carcass swabs, 4 (2.2 %) from caecal content samples and 2 (12.5 %) from water. All isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with resist- ance to ampicillin, ceftazidime and cefuroxime being the most common. Conclusion. This study provides evidence to suggest that E. coli O157:H7 exists in the beef production chain. The pathogen reveals a high frequency of multidrug resistance, suggesting that consumers and handlers of such meat are at risk of contract- ing antibiotic- resistant E. coli O157:H7-associated foodborne disease. Routine monitoring of antibiotic resistance is critical to uncovering novel therapeutic strategies that will help inform clinical practice guidelines.
Screening of Microorganisms Producing Polymer (PHB) from Dump Sites Soil in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria
(2023-07) Awe, S.; Ajiboye, A.E.; Agboola, F.O.
This study was aimed at screening microorganisms isolated from dump sites for polymer production. Five samples of dump site soil were gathered from each of 10 distinct sites, totaling fifty samples, throughout the collection process. Microorganisms were isolated using the pour plate method. Bacteria isolates were identified using biochemical tests and molecular analysis using 16S rRNA gene primer while morphological characteristics are 18SrRNA gene primer were used to identify fungi isolate. Screening of the organisms for polymer production was done using Sudan Black Band Nile Blue A. The polymer extracted were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results revealed the presence of five fungi and seven bacterial species identified to be Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium marneffei, Cladosporium tenuissimum and Rhizopus sp., while bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus subtillis and Enterobacter species. Only four bacterial isolates were positive for polymer production and molecularly identified as Bacillus subtilis strain AGB1 (OM273871), Bacillus megaterium strain AGB2 (OM216844), Paenibacillus polymyxa strain AGB3 (OM273889) and Bacillus licheniformis strain AGB4 (OP703543).The polymer has rough surfaces and crystalline in nature, while FTIR result indicated that the polymer had C=O carbonyl functional group and identified as polyhydrxybutyrate (PHB) polymer while SEM showed that it has crystalline surface. It can be concluded that bacterial isolates which were polymer producers can be utilized for large-scale production of polyhydroxybutyrate for industrial purposes.
Single Cell Proteins: As Nutritional Enhancer.
(Pelagia Research library, 2011) Adedayo, M.R; Ajiboye, A.E.; Akintunde, J.K.; Odaibo, A
To meet the protein need of our growing population, it is important to include non-conventional protein sources in our diet. Important non – conventional sources are oil seed proteins, leaf protein concentrate, (LPC) fish protein concentrate (FPC) and single cell proteins (SCP) or biomass protein (BMP). Single cell protein recently attracted attention and holds a major potential for increasing protein supply. Proteins not only provide a nutritional component in a food system but also perform a number of other functions).The protein obtained from microbial source is designed as “Single Cell Protein” (SCP). Bacteria, Moulds, Yeasts, Green and Blue green algae are widely used as source of single cell protein. However, blue-green algae, where cell wall lacks cellulose, are easily digestible and are the most frequently used organism. Microbial protein or SCP has various benefits over animal and plant proteins in that its requirement for growth are neither seasonal or climate dependent; it can be produced all round the year .Does not require a large expanse of land as in plant or animal protein production. It has high protein content with wide amino acid spectrum, low fat content, higher protein carbohydrate ratio than forages, can be grown on waste and it is environmental friendly as it helps in recycling waste. Various forms of organic waste such as cellulose hemicelluloses, hydrocarbon and different types of agricultural waste are used in the production of SCP. Besides nutritional value, a protein should have desirable functional properties also for its incorporation in food. Functional properties of proteins vary with the source, composition, method of preparation/extraction, prevailing environment etc. SCP has been found to meet all the requirements for its inclusion as diet supplement for both human and livestock especially in the developing countries of Africa and the world at large. This paper is therefore aimed at reviewing the in production, processing and consumption of SCP for food and feed.
Solid State Fermentation of Plantain Peels for Bioethanol Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger
(Federal University, Oye- Ekiti, 2024-12) Ajiboye, A.E.; Nnebedum, I; Adesokan, T.E.
Plantain peels and other agricultural wastes are in abundance and are a nuisance to the environment. This study evaluated the possibility of ethanol production from plantain peels in solid-state fermentation using naturally occurring fungi and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Naturally occurring fungi were obtained from the plantain peels by solid-state fermentation and were identified with macroscopic and microscopic methods. Proximate composition of the plantain peel was analyzed using standard methods. Co-cultures of isolated fungus and S. cerevisiae were adopted for ethanol production in solid-state fermentation for an incubation period of five days. Assay was done daily using the fermented filtrate, which was used to determine the reducing sugar, ethanol yield, total titratable acid, pH, and specific gravity using standard microbiological procedures. The plantain peel has carbohydrate content of 41.66%, protein, 6.98%, and moisture, 7.08%. The highest reducing sugar, 31.20 ± 0.14 mg/L, was obtained on day 1 by co-cultures of S. cerevisiae and A. niger. The highest ethanol yield, 7.22 ± 0.13 mg/L, was obtained on day 5 by co-cultures of S. cerevisiae and A. niger. Total titratable acid (TTA) ranged between 33.64 ± 0.06 and 59.04 ± 0.11 mg/L. The pH ranged between 3.91 ± 0.01 and 5.18 ± 0.01. The specific gravity ranged between 0.925 ± 0.06 kg/m3 and 0.995 ± 0.01 kg/m3 . In conclusion, co-cultures of S. cerevisiae and A. niger have great potential for bioethanol production using plantain peels in solid-state fermentation.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of a metallic oxide nanoparticle complex of Moringa oleifera leaves extracts against selected microorganisms
(Horticulture and Forestry Society from Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine – SHST Academic Press, 2020) Bamigboye, M.O.; Ajiboye, A.E.
This research work aimed at synthesizing and investigating the antimicrobial activities of a metallic oxide nanoparticle complex of Moringa oleifera leaves extracts against some microorganisms. Moringa oleifera leaves were washed, dried and blended. They were extracted with distilled water and ethanol using standard methods. The nanoparticle was synthesized by coordinating with manganese oxide. The physicochemical properties were determined following standard procedures. The phytochemical screening was carried out by standard methods. The antibacterial activities were done using agar well diffusion method. Antifungal activity was carried out following the plate technique. The leaves extract had a 75% yield and melting point of 116 °C while the nanoparticle had a yield of 60% and melted at 78 °C with pH of 3.46. The molar conductance of the nanoparticle revealed at 10.6 Ω−1cm2mol−1. The ethanolic extract of the leaves showed the presence of alkaloids, tannin, steroids and saponins. The ethanolic extract of M. oleifera exhibited the highest antibacterial activity of 33.05±0.10 mm against Bacillus subtilis while its antifungal activity revealed the highest inhibition of 48.40±0.53 mm at 30 mg/mL against Aspergillus niger. Staphylococcus aureus had a zone of inhibition of 19.00±0.16a using the aqueous extract. The ethanolic extract of M. oleifera nanoparticles showed antibacterial and antifungal activity against B. megaterium and A. niger with a zone of inhibition of 49.21±0.32 mm and 50.35±0.29 mm respectively while the aqueous extract showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a zone of 26.00±0.38mm. As it was concluded ethanolic extract in both leaves extract and its nanoparticle, possessed higher antibacterial and antifungal activities than the aqueous extract.

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