Role of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 in CD4+ depletion during HIV progression

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dc.contributor.authorWasiu O. Garuba , Adebayo L. Adedeji , Kamoru A. Adedokun , Olubunmi G. Ayelagbe , Idris N. Abdullahi , Ibrahim Munirudeen
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-23T12:01:29Z
dc.date.available2025-01-23T12:01:29Z
dc.date.issued2024-06-20
dc.description.abstractObjective: This study investigates the role of Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor-1 (APAF-1) in CD4+ cell depletion among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which 105 participants were enrolled, including 60 confirmed HIV-positive patients and 45 HIV-negative controls. HIV-positive patients were further divided based on CD4+ cell counts: Group 1 (<200), Group 2 (200–499), and Group 3 (≥500). An enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure APAF-1 levels, and CD4+ T-cell counts were enumerated using a Cyflow counter. Independent student’s t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman’s correlation were utilized as needed. Results: Results showed significant reductions in lymphocytes, platelets, red blood cells, hemoglobin, albumin, and CD4+ cell values among HIV-infected individuals compared to controls. Conversely, APAF-1 and total protein levels were elevated in HIV-positive patients. Among HIV-positive groups, those with CD4+ cell counts <200 exhibited the highest median serum APAF-1 concentration. However, these differences were not statistically significant when compared with the other seropositive groups with CD4+ cell counts between 200 and 499 (P = 0.6726) and CD4+ cell counts of 500 or greater (P = 0.4325). The control group had the lowest median SAPAF-1 concentration, significantly different from HIV-positive groups. Positive correlations were observed between CD4+ counts and lymphocytes, hemoglobin, and hypoalbuminemia, while negative correlations were found between these parameters and APAF-1 levels. Conclusion: APAF-1 is a host factor that potentially contributes to CD4+ cell depletion. Similarly, APAF-1, serum total protein, and albumin levels were found to be predictive of disease progression and could serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers in the monitoring of HIV/AIDS. Keywords: Apoptotic protease activating factor-1, CD4+ T cell, cytopenia, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, hypoalbumin, progressor
dc.identifier.urihttps://kwasuspace.kwasu.edu.ng/handle/123456789/3002
dc.publisherInternational Journal of Health Sciences, Qassim University Saudi
dc.titleRole of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 in CD4+ depletion during HIV progression
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