Determinants of Family Planning Utilization Among Women of Reproductive Age in Ilorin East Local Government Area, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Family planning plays a crucial role in promoting reproductive health and ensuring the well-being of mothers and children. Although various awareness campaigns have been implemented in Nigeria, the uptake and consistent use of family planning services remain inadequate, particularly in rural and peri-urban communities. This study examined the level of knowledge, utilization, and the factors influencing family planning practices among women of reproductive age in selected communities within Ilorin East Local Government Area, Nigeria. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, involving 420 women of reproductive age who completed a structured, interviewer administered questionnaire. The respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected on participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, awareness and sources of information on family planning, usage patterns, and perceptions regarding accessibility, affordability, and cultural influences. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests, to determine associations between key variables. Results: Findings indicated that 83.3% of respondents were aware of family planning, with health workers and the media serving as the main sources of information. Pills (40.5%) and injectables (24.8%) were the most commonly known methods. Despite high awareness levels, only 64.3% of respondents reported using contraceptives, with pills (25.5%) and condoms (13.3%) being the most utilized. Pharmacies (38.8%) and government health centers were the primary sources of contraceptives. Educational attainment and income significantly influenced both awareness and usage. Other factors affecting family planning decisions included partner support, fear of side effects, and religious beliefs. The p-value was 0.000 (chi-square association). This indicates a statistically significant association at the conventional threshold (i.e.,) between partner support for family planning and religious influence on family planning decisions Conclusion: The study underscores a persistent gap between family planning awareness and actual utilization. Addressing this requires community-focused education, active male participation, and improved access to culturally sensitive, high-quality family planning services. Health workers should also be equipped to dispel myths and fears surrounding contraceptive use. Efforts to improve family planning uptake should emphasize comprehensive community education, especially for women with low educational backgrounds, and should include information on all available contraceptive methods. Promoting male involvement and fostering open spousal communication are essential for improving acceptance and shared decision-making.