Extraction, Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Bacterial Studies of Garlic Extract Modified Nanoparticles in Alkyd Resin Derived from Castor and Walnut Seed Oils

Abstract

This study explored the synthesis of alkyd resin from castor and walnut seed oils modified with CuO, ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles, as well as garlic extract to determine the synergistic antibacterial potency of the synthesized resin. The alkyd resin synthesized, using alcoholysis and esterification reactions, was evaluated via standard analytical methods including Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods, and the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The castor-alkyd resins exhibited a final acid value of 8.84 mg/KOH and a functional group conversion rate of 77% P, indicative of efficient polymerization and excellent film-forming capabilities. The walnut alkyd resin, showed the lowest acid value (8.18 mg/KOH) and a comparable conversion of 76%. The incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles modified with garlic extract of CuO/ZnO/TiO₂, significantly enhanced the antimicrobial properties of the alkyd resins. The castor alkyd resin, modified with garlic extract nanoparticles, exhibited the highest antibacterial efficacy resulting in inhibition zones as large as 49.5 mm. The walnut oil-based alkyd resin, demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, especially when modified with ZnO/TiO₂ and CuO/ZnO nanocomposites. This synthesis have proven to be cost-effective and a renewable modified feedstock for alkyd resin suitable for antimicrobial coating applications.