Browsing by Author "Yusuf Folorunsho Abdulkareem"

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    Understanding the Nexus of Genotype, Root Nodulation, and Soil Nutrients for Shoot Biomass Production and Seed Yield in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
    (2023) Olawale Mashood Aliyu; Toyeeb Abayomi Abioye; Yusuf Folorunsho Abdulkareem; Abdulqudus Ibrahim
    To enhance the productivity of cowpea for seeds and shoot biomass yields, the complex interwoven relationships of genotype, soil nutrients, and nodulation were studied. A 4-year field study was conducted with ten cowpea accessions in a randomized complete block design of three replicates and data collected on soil parameters, root nodulation, plant growth, and yield characters were analyzed for variance components and correlation analysis. Genotype and year influenced the rate of nodulation, plant nutrient uptake, shoot biomass, and seed yield. Nodulation and nitrogen uptake increased shoot biomass production but not seed yield. Early maturity was associated with high seed yield, while late maturity enhanced biomass production. Cowpeas differ significantly in nodulation efficiency and soil nutrient utilization for seed yield and biomass production, with IT98K-205–8 being the most efficient. Soils cultivated for cowpea showed reduction in clay content and soil nutrients, but increased in silt content, soil acidity, and phosphorus uptake. Proportion of phosphorus uptake was significantly higher than nitrogen and organic carbon uptakes in cowpea. Increasing uptake of nitrogen and organic carbon is inversely associated to nodulation, growth parameters, and shoot biomass, while phosphorus uptake is directly correlated with seed yield. IT89KD-288 and IT00K-1263 were superior for nodulation and shoot biomass production (> 28 tons ha−1), while IT08K 150–12 and IT00K-1263 were best for seed yield of > 2.0 tons ha−1. This study reported the efficiency of root nodulation of native rhizobia and nutrient utilization as among the important elements required for optimum development and yield of cowpea. IT00K-1263 that combines high biomass with seed yield is a candidate for dual-purpose, while IT08K-150–12 could be useful as an early-maturing high-yield variety. Inherent nutrient utilization efficiency of IT98K-205–8 could be explored in future improvement programs.
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    Variance components, correlation and path analyses in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp)
    (2021) Olawale Mashood Aliyu; Adeyemi Odunola Tiamiyu; Muinat Usman; Yusuf Folorunsho Abdulkareem
    Cowpea as a low-input crop has a potential to significantly ameliorate poor nutrition and food insecurity in sub-Sahara Africa if problem of poor seed yield is addressed. Adequate information on the relationship between yield components and seed yield is, however, crucial for the development of better-quality varieties to improve farmers’ field yield. To this end, twelve cowpea accessions of different seed sizes and mixed pedigrees were evaluated for two years in field trials of three replications laid out in a randomized complete block design. Data collected on plant vigour indices, yield components and seed yield were analyzed for variance components, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling for path analysis. The accessions exhibited significant variation for all yield components including seed yield. In addition, the variance estimates indicated that substantial variations recorded were mostly genetic with high heritability values. Earliness in flowering and pod maturity recorded highly significant correlations and direct effect with yield components and seed yield. Positive correlation between precocity and high yield could be exploited in the development of improved varieties with early maturity for the savannah ecology with a characteristic short wet season. Importantly, all seed yield components are significantly correlated with each other and to total seed yield. Pods per plant, however, recorded highest coefficient values (r = 0.85; P < 0.001; 1.38**) for both Pearson correlation and path analysis, respectively, suggesting its importance as a yield component with highest direct effect on seed yield and should be a core selection index in cowpea breeding. The effect of size-number trade-off accounts for the counterbalance of direct effects of seeds per pod/plant (number) and seed weight (size) in cowpea and should be determined on genotype and/or seed size basis during selection. Plant vigour characters had no direct contribution to seed yield