Browsing by Author "S. D. Joshua"

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    Effect of cultural methods on Striga (Striga hermonthica (Del.)) Benth management and yield of cereals in the Savanna Zone of Nigeria: a review
    (Taylor and Francis, 2011-08-24) E. O. Imoloame; S. D. Joshua
    Data were obtained from the research done in the Guinea Savanna (Zaria 11°11′N; 070 38′E) and Sudan Savanna (Maiduguri −11°51′N; 13°15′E) regions of Nigeria, respectively on different cultural methods of Striga control and management. In the Guinea Savanna, trials on the effects of nitrogen on the response of resistant and susceptible upland rice varieties to Striga hermonthica infestation and the effect of resistant and susceptible varieties of maize and crop rotation on Striga infestation was carried out, while the effect of inter-cropping trap crop (Bambaranut) with resistant sorghum varieties on S. hermonthica was studied in the Sudan Savanna Zone of Nigeria. In the Guinea Savanna, it was observed that a combination of upland rice variety, Faro 40 and an application of 90 kg N/ha in the wet season and WAB 56-50 upland rice variety and 120 kg N/ha in the dry season, respectively reduced Striga infestation and produced maximum grain yield. Also, the growing of resistant variety of maize (Across 97ITZ comp. I-W) after 1 or 2 years' rotation with cowpea or soybean was observed not only to be effective in Striga control, but resulted in higher grain yield of maize. In the Sudan Savanna, the use of resistant varieties of sorghum, 1CSV1002 and 1CSV1007 intercropped with bambaranut significantly reduced Striga infestation, but the grain yield of the resistant varieties was low. From these studies, Faro 40 with 90 kg N/ha application rate and WAB56–50 with 120 kg N/ha were suitable for the management of Striga and for higher grain yield of upland rice in both wet and dry seasons, respectively, while Across 97ITZ comp. I-W, resistant maize variety and 1 or 2 years rotation with cowpea or soybean were also the best for the management of S. hermonthica and for higher maize yield in the Guinea Savanna zone. Further research needs to be carried out in the Sudan Savanna to select a high yielding resistant variety of sorghum which when intercropped with bambaranut will not only control Striga infestation but will also give high grain yield.
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    Effect of pre-emergence herbicides on weed infestation and productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in the Sudan Savanna Zone of Nigeria
    (Academic Journals, 2011-02) E. O. Imoloame; S. D. Joshua; N. A. Gworgwor
    Field trials were conducted in 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons at the University of Maiduguri Teaching and Research Farm located in Maiduguri (11°50’N; 13°10’E), Nigeria, to evaluate the effect of different pre-emergence herbicides on weed infestation and productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) The experiment consisted of 22 treatments, which included 4 different pre-emergence herbicides applied at 5 rates each namely butachlor, metolachlor, diuron and pendimethalin at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg a.i./ha, weeding at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) and a weedy check. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated 3 times. Results showed that diuron at 1.5 to 2.5 kg a.i./ha produced significantly (P<0.05) the least weed cover and dry matter at 3 and 6 WAS, which was comparable with two-hoe-weedings at harvest. Both butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i./ha and metolachlor at 1.5 kg a.i./ha produced significantly (P<0.05) low weed cover score and weed dry matter, which were comparable with the least weed cover score in both trials and their combined means at harvest. Among the herbicides tested, butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i./ha and diuron at 1.0 kg a.i./ha produced significantly (P<0.05) the highest grain yield in 2006, while metolachlor at 1.5 kg a.i./ha produced significantly (P<0.05) the highest grain yield in 2007 and the combined means. For effective weed control and higher yield, metolachlor at 1.5 kg a.i./ha and butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i./ha are recommended as an alternative to two hoe-weedings at 3 and 6 WAS for the production of sesame in the Sudan Savanna zone of Nigeria
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    Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) weed infestation, yield and yield components as influenced by sowing method and seed rate in a Sudan Savanna agro-ecology of Nigeria
    (Academic Joournals, 2007-10) E. O. Imoloame; S. D. Joshua; N. A. Gworgwor
    An experiment on the influence of seed rate and sowing method on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) weed infestation, yield and yield components was conducted at Maiduguri, Nigeria, during the 2001 and 2002 rainy seasons. A split-plot design was used such that method of planting was allocated to main plots and seed rate was assigned to sub-plots and replicated three times. The site was harrowed, leveled properly using a hand hoe and then marked out. The size of each sub-plot measured 6 x 8 m leaving a distance of 1 m between replications and 0.5 m between sub-plots. Seeds variety Gwoza Local were planted as broadcast and drill at the rate of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 Kg/ha respectively. Fertilizer Urea ( 46% N ) and Single Superphosphate ( 18% P 2O5 ) were used to supply 75 Kg N/ha and 50 Kg P/ha first at planting and the second dose at 6 weeks after sowing ( WAS ). Weeding was carried out using a hand hoe. Data taken included soil analysis of the experimental site, plant height, number of flowers per plant, weed cover score, weed dry matter, number of pods per plant and grain yield respectively. Results showed that broadcasting method of sowing produced taller plants in 2002 and greater number of flowers and pods per plant in both years and the average of two years data significantly higher weed cover and weed dry matter in 2001 and 2002 and their combined data compared with drilling method. Plant height, number of flowers and pods per plant decreased with increase in seed rate with 15 kg/ha producing significantly lowest of these characters in 2001 and the average of two years data. The amount of weed dry matter and weed cover decreased with increase in seed rate up to 12 Kg/ha with 15 Kg/ha producing the highest in 2001, 2002 and the average of two years data. Similarly, seed rate of 6 Kg/ha produced the highest seed yield compared with higher seed rates in the two years and only in the data on the average of the two years that differences in yield were significant. From this study, best weed suppression and highest yield was obtained from drilling method at seed rate of 6 Kg/ha.