Browsing by Author "Olukunle B. Fagbemi"

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    In vitro testing of the susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates to amodiaquine and the combinations of amodiaquine with verapamil, chlorpheniramine and promethazine
    (International Journal of Biology and Biological Sciences Available online at http://academeresearchjournals.org/journal/ijbbs, 2013-07) Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Oluseyi E. Ogunlana; Abayomi O. Sijuade; Oyindamola O. Abiodun; Olukunle B. Fagbemi
    In vitro assays still remain a vital stage of antimalarial drug development process and resistance monitoring. This study assessed the sensitivity patterns of isolates of Plasmodium falciparum to amodiaquine (AQ) alone or in combination with verapamil (VER), chlorpheniramine (CP) and promethazine (PRO) as resistance reversing compounds. The test involves monitoring the ability of antimalarial drugs to prevent parasite transition from trophozoites to schizont stages over a 24-48 h incubation period in vitro by World Health Organization (WHO) schizont inhibition assay. The MIC of AQ alone ranged from 6.2-500.0 ng/ml while those of its reversing agents ranged from 2.1-500.0 ng/ml. Mean MIC for AQ=120.51±15.10. Based on the cut-off value for AQ in vitro susceptibility, 73% (76/104) of the P. falciparum isolates were sensitive to AQ while 27% (28/104) were resistant. The mean MIC values for AQ + VER, AQ + CP and AQ + PRO were 83.08 ± 9.39, 106.93 ± 13.28 and 111.09 ± 14.82 respectively. Based on the reversal phenomenon, 75% (78/104) of the isolates were classified sensitive to amodiaquine, while 25% (26/104) were classified resistant with verapamil as reversing agent (P<0.05). Furthermore, 85% (88/104) were sensitive to amodiaquine while 15% (16/104) were resistant to chlorpheniramine as reversing agent (P<0.05). In the same vein, 78% (81/104) were sensitive to amodiaquine while 22% (23/104) were resistant to promethazine as reversing agent (P<0.05). The present results demonstrated a high sensitivity pattern to the drug combinations. However, the very low levels of in vitro P. falciparum resistance against chlorpheniramine may demonstrate its pharmacological advantage as a better-reversing agent over others. Subsequent surveillance should, in addition, integrate both in vivo and molecular surveillance to characterize the true nature of P. falciparum isolates in this area.
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    Prevalence and risk factors of Schistosoma haematobium infections among primary school children in Igbokuta Village, Ikorodu North Local Government, Lagos State
    (IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), 2013-11) Olalubi A. Oluwasogo; Olukunle B. Fagbemi
    Background: Urinary Schistosomiasis (US) caused by Schistosoma haematobium constitutes a major public health problem in Nigeria. Efforts in this study were devoted to evaluate the current prevalence and associated risk factors on the intensity of disease burden. Methods: A survey was conducted with the use of semi-structured questionnaires to collect sociodemographic and anthropometric data of the pupils. Urine samples were collected from One hundred and two (102) pupils for microscopic analysis for the detection of S.haematobium eggs. Results: Of the 102 children (age ranges between 5-15 years) examined, prevalence of infection was (80/102) 78 % of which (44/102) 43 % were heavy and (36/102) 35 % mild while (22/102) 22 % were negative (p<0.05). The frequency of infection was higher among the female pupils (62/102) 61 % compared to the male counterpart (40/102) 39 % (p<0.05). Striking risk factors that could predispose the pupils to S.haematobium infection follows the order: swimming / drinking contaminated water> washing of clothes in streams > playing / bathing in rivers> unknown > mosquito bites > fresh water snail. No significant difference exists between the risk factors (p>0.05). The mean age, weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference of the negative individuals (both males and females) were significantly higher than that of their positive counterpart (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean age, height and waist circumference of the heavy and mild infected females compared to their male counterpart (p>0.05). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the mean hip circumference of the heavy and mild infected male and female (p>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there is significant correlation between infection status and age (r= 0.385, p>0.01), weight (r = 0.404, p>0.01), height (r=0.401, p>0.01), waist (r=0.396, p>0.01), hip circumference (r=0.415, p>0.01) and risk factor (r=-0.231, p>0.05). Risk factor is not significant to age, weight, height, waist, hip circumference and infection status (p>0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence rate obtained in the study was high, an indication that the region is endemic by WHO classification. This calls for an urgent effective urinary schistosomiasis control programme in the zone.