Browsing by Author "Olawale Mashood Aliyu"

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    Compatibility and fruit-set in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
    (Springer, 2007) Olawale Mashood Aliyu
    Understanding complex factors controlling yield is very crucial to the improvement of cashew in major producing countries currently experiencing very low yield and consequently making cashew farming unprofitable and the whole industry unsustainable. Eleven cashew clones were evaluated for their compatibility and fruit set between 2000 and 2002 seasons, in a diallel cross using randomized complete block design with three replications. Data collected on number of fruit set at 6 weeks after pollination were statistically analyzed. Significant differences between the parents at the 1% level, revealed the existence of variability for compatibility and fruit set, with 34% cross-compatibility, 51% partial cross-compatibility and 15% cross-incompatibility recorded, while 37% of the parents were self-compatible. Parents sharing the same apples colors tend to be highly cross-compatible, while some clones showed evidence of unilateral compatibility. Maximum value of 55% fruit set obtained from crosspollination probably indicates upper limit for fruit set in cashew. Significant correlation between compatibility and variation in fruit yield suggests the important role of parental compatibility in selection of planting materials for the establishment of cashew plantation.
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    Physicochemical, in vitro starch digestibility and sensory characteristics of biofortified yellow maize‑cowpea composite flours and biscuits
    (2024) Emmanuel Anyachukwu Irondi; Kazeem Koledoye Olatoye; Hassan Taye Abdulameed; Olawale Mashood Aliyu; Emmanuel Oladapo Ajani; Osayemi Funmilayo ogbebo
    The consumption of whole grain cereals, pulses and their products, such as biscuits, is associated with protection against nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical qualities and in vitro starch digestibility of flours and biscuits formulated with biofortified yellow maize (M-f ) and cowpea (C-f ) composites, as well as the biscuits’ sensory attributes. Biscuits, coded M-b, MC-b1, MC-b2, MC-b3, and C-b, were baked from composite flours of M-f and C-f (M-f:C-f, w/w) at the proportions of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100, respectively. Refined wheat flour (W-f ) and its biscuit (W-b) served as controls. Individually, the final viscosities of M-f (157.36 RVU) and W-f (159.12 RVU) were comparable (p > 0.05); but both were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of C-f (93.15 RVU). Among the composite flours, MC-f2 and MC-f3 had the highest final (175.43 RVU) and peak (65.52 RVU) viscosities, respectively. The total carbohydrate, crude fat, and energy value increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing proportion of M-f in the composite flours and biscuits, while the crude protein and ash contents increased with an increasing proportion of C-f. The ranges of total carbohydrate, crude fat, and food energy in the biscuits were 51.03 (C-b) - 68.27% (W-b), 12.15 (W-b) - 19.02% (M-b), and 414.33 (C-b) - 455.91 kCal/100 g (M-b), respectively. The concentrations of starch, amylose, amylose/amylopectin ratio, starch hydrolysis index (HI), as well as estimated glycaemic index (eGI) of the composite flours and biscuits decreased significantly with an increasing proportion of C-f. Thus, the ranges of starch and eGI in the biscuits were 41.02 (C-b) - 68.01% (W-b) and 34.99 (C-b) - 57.19% (W-b), respectively. Crude protein (r = − 0.715, − 0.696), starch (r = 0.966, 0.954), amylose (r = 0.947, 0.931), and amylopectin (r = − 0.947, − 0.931) significantly correlated with eGI and HI, respectively. The sensory acceptability of the composite biscuits improved as the proportion of C-f increased. Hence, it is concluded that increasing the level of cowpea in biofortified yellow maize-cowpea composite flours and biscuits enhanced their physicochemical and sensory attributes, and reduced their estimated GI.
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    Understanding the Nexus of Genotype, Root Nodulation, and Soil Nutrients for Shoot Biomass Production and Seed Yield in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
    (2023) Olawale Mashood Aliyu; Toyeeb Abayomi Abioye; Yusuf Folorunsho Abdulkareem; Abdulqudus Ibrahim
    To enhance the productivity of cowpea for seeds and shoot biomass yields, the complex interwoven relationships of genotype, soil nutrients, and nodulation were studied. A 4-year field study was conducted with ten cowpea accessions in a randomized complete block design of three replicates and data collected on soil parameters, root nodulation, plant growth, and yield characters were analyzed for variance components and correlation analysis. Genotype and year influenced the rate of nodulation, plant nutrient uptake, shoot biomass, and seed yield. Nodulation and nitrogen uptake increased shoot biomass production but not seed yield. Early maturity was associated with high seed yield, while late maturity enhanced biomass production. Cowpeas differ significantly in nodulation efficiency and soil nutrient utilization for seed yield and biomass production, with IT98K-205–8 being the most efficient. Soils cultivated for cowpea showed reduction in clay content and soil nutrients, but increased in silt content, soil acidity, and phosphorus uptake. Proportion of phosphorus uptake was significantly higher than nitrogen and organic carbon uptakes in cowpea. Increasing uptake of nitrogen and organic carbon is inversely associated to nodulation, growth parameters, and shoot biomass, while phosphorus uptake is directly correlated with seed yield. IT89KD-288 and IT00K-1263 were superior for nodulation and shoot biomass production (> 28 tons ha−1), while IT08K 150–12 and IT00K-1263 were best for seed yield of > 2.0 tons ha−1. This study reported the efficiency of root nodulation of native rhizobia and nutrient utilization as among the important elements required for optimum development and yield of cowpea. IT00K-1263 that combines high biomass with seed yield is a candidate for dual-purpose, while IT08K-150–12 could be useful as an early-maturing high-yield variety. Inherent nutrient utilization efficiency of IT98K-205–8 could be explored in future improvement programs.
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    Variance components, correlation and path analyses in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Walp)
    (2021) Olawale Mashood Aliyu; Adeyemi Odunola Tiamiyu; Muinat Usman; Yusuf Folorunsho Abdulkareem
    Cowpea as a low-input crop has a potential to significantly ameliorate poor nutrition and food insecurity in sub-Sahara Africa if problem of poor seed yield is addressed. Adequate information on the relationship between yield components and seed yield is, however, crucial for the development of better-quality varieties to improve farmers’ field yield. To this end, twelve cowpea accessions of different seed sizes and mixed pedigrees were evaluated for two years in field trials of three replications laid out in a randomized complete block design. Data collected on plant vigour indices, yield components and seed yield were analyzed for variance components, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling for path analysis. The accessions exhibited significant variation for all yield components including seed yield. In addition, the variance estimates indicated that substantial variations recorded were mostly genetic with high heritability values. Earliness in flowering and pod maturity recorded highly significant correlations and direct effect with yield components and seed yield. Positive correlation between precocity and high yield could be exploited in the development of improved varieties with early maturity for the savannah ecology with a characteristic short wet season. Importantly, all seed yield components are significantly correlated with each other and to total seed yield. Pods per plant, however, recorded highest coefficient values (r = 0.85; P < 0.001; 1.38**) for both Pearson correlation and path analysis, respectively, suggesting its importance as a yield component with highest direct effect on seed yield and should be a core selection index in cowpea breeding. The effect of size-number trade-off accounts for the counterbalance of direct effects of seeds per pod/plant (number) and seed weight (size) in cowpea and should be determined on genotype and/or seed size basis during selection. Plant vigour characters had no direct contribution to seed yield