Browsing by Author "Olarinke Victoria ADENIYI"

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    Experimental Evaluation of the Wound-healing and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Pulp and Leaf Meal in the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
    (2018) Olarinke Victoria ADENIYI; Flora Eyibio OLAIFA; Benjamin Obukowho EMIKPE; Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
    The fruits and leaves of Tamarindus indica have been widely used in traditional medicine for treating wounds and other diseases in Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the wound-healing property of T. indica pulp (TP) and leaf (TL) meal and the importance of antioxidant enzymes in the wound-healing process in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Surgical incisions of 10 mm2 were made aseptically on the lateral part of the catfish, above the pelvic fin and toward the caudal region. The fish were fed experimental diets composed of basal diet fortified with each of TP or TL at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 0.0% (untreated) and 0.2% oxytetracycline (treated) as controls in triplicate groups. Changes occurring in the wound area (mm2) were measured at 3-day-intervals for 15 days. The healing rates and the relative percentage of healing were calculated. Sera collected from the experimental fish were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that fish fed diets treated with TP or TL had significantly faster (p<0.05) daily healing rates at the lateral and caudal regions from the 6th to the 12th day compared with those in the control groups. Percentage wound-healing (PWH) at the lateral and caudal regions was significantly enhanced (p<0.05) from the 6th day in the tamarind-treated groups. The PWH reached the peak (100%) at the lateral region on the 12th day in fish fed 0.5–2.0% of TL and 1.5%–2.0% of TP diets. Dietary treatment with TP and TL resulted in a lower production of serum malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels, whereas the reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels increased. Fortifying diets of C. gariepinus with 1.0%–2.0% of TP and TL meal enhanced wound-healing significantly compared to that of natural healing and with oxytetracycline-fortified diet. The faster wound-healing rate might be a consequence of elevated levels of serum antioxidants in the fish fed tamarind-fortified diets.
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    Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fed Diets Fortified with Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)
    (2020) Olarinke Victoria ADENIYI
    The utilization of synthetic antibiotics in the production of food fish is a concern globally due to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the residual effects of these drugs. This study investigated the in vitro antimicrobial activity and growth-promoting effects of lemongrass meal (LGM) in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. The fish were fed diets (40% crude protein) fortified with 0, 5, 10, and 15gLGM/kg lemongrass meal, and a 3g Oxytetracycline (OTC)/kg diet was used as the negative control for 70 days. Data on the zones of inhibition (ZI), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and optimum inclusion level was obtained. Higher ZI was obtained from OTC against Aeromonas hydrophila, while higher ZI was obtained from lemongrass extract against Pseudomonas putida. Feeding C. gariepinus fingerlings with10gLGM/kg diet significantly enhanced WG, SGR, and PER, compared to the control treatments. The FCR (1.40) was significantly reduced in fish fed a 10gLGM/kg diet, compared to the control and other LGM-fortified treatments. The quadratic regression analysis showed 0.83% and 0.86% as optimum inclusion levels for WG and FCR, respectively. The results from this study suggested that lemongrass possesses antibacterial properties and that the meal could be included in the fish diet at 10 g/kg as a natural growth promotant.