Browsing by Author "Olahan, G.S."

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    Assay of Bioactive Compounds in Stored Kolanuts
    (Journal of the faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, 2024-03) Olahan, G.S.; Ajadi, I.; Issa, B.T.
    Kolanuts are widely consumed by humans. The medicinal and therapeutic potentials of plants are credited to their bioactive compounds. This study was aimed at investigating the bioactive compounds in kolanuts from Ifelodun and Odo-Otin Local Government Areas of Osun State, popular kolanut producing LGAs in Nigeria. The bioactive compounds were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (CG-MS) to analyse crude extracts of the kolanuts using acetone:methanol (1:1 v/v) as the extractant. Twenty five(25) bioactive compounds were identified, with 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (32.91%) being the predominant compound. Six (6) of the bioactive compounds were common in all the kolanuts (caffeine, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, n-hexadecanoic acid, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (z,z), methyl stearate, and phthalic acid, di(oct-3-yl) ester). Some of the bioactive compounds were identified only in the kolanuts from Ifelodun L.G.A. e.g. nonanoic acid, methyl-2-octylcyclopropene-1-heptanoate, 9octadecanoic acid (z), 9-octadecanoic acid. Also, 11-octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (z), 2chloroethyl linoleate, bicyclo (4.1.0) heptane, etc were present only in the kolants from Odo-Otin L.G.A. Out of the 25 bioactive compounds identified, only 12 have been reported to be present in kolanuts some of e.g. caffeine, n-Hexadecanoic acid, etc, while the remaining 13 have been reported in other plants other than kolanuts
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    Characterization of Fungal Contaminants in Fermented Locust Beans in Kwara State, Nigeria: Implications for Food Safety
    (Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, 2025-12) Olahan, G.S.; Ajadi, I.; Ben-Uwabor, P.O.; Adebayo, S.E.
    Fermentedlocust bean seeds are utilized for seasoning in various traditional dishes. Its production is mostly under unhygienic conditions by majorly illiterate women who care less about microbial contamination of the final product. Consumption of any contaminated food can cause health complications in humans. This study was aimed at isolating the mycoflora associated with fermented locust bean seeds collected from three villages in Kwara State, Nigeria using both morphological and molecular techniques. DNA of each of the isolates was extracted using Zymo Fungal/Bacteria DNA Miniprep Kit. PCR amplification of the ITS regions of the isolates was carried out using primer pair; ITS1 and ITS4. The products had been sequenced, and the results from the BLAST search revealedthat Isolate A was Aspergillus flavus, Isolate B was A. niger, Isolate C was Rhizopus arrhizus, and Isolate D was Mucor indicus.The fermented locust bean seeds from Madi village had the highest fungal count (7.2 X 103cfu/gm), while that from Ogundele village had the lowest (1.4 X 103cfu/gm). The presence of Aspergillus nigerand A. flavus (mycotoxigenic fungi) in this study poses a significant public health risk. Therefore, it is important to encourage the villagers involved in fermented locust bean production and storage in these villages to be more hygienic.
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    Fungal molecular identification and total aflatoxin assessment in stored peanut seeds in Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Punjab, 2024-06) Ajadi, I.; Olahan, G.S.
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    FUNGICIDAL EFFECT OF TEAK (TECTONA GRANDIS L.) LEAF EXTRACTS ON FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM
    (West University of Timisoara, series of Biology., 2023-12) Olahan, G.S.; Ajadi, I.; Ben-Uwabor, P.O.
    Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is the pathogen of tomato wilt, a disease of great economic importance worldwide. Although application of synthetic fungicides such as thiophanate methyl and mancozeb can prevent the occurrence of this disease, their effects on the physical environment especially, is a limiting factor. Botanicals, i.e. plantbased fungicides are now being preffered for controlling fungal pathogens because they have minimal environmental impact and are less dangerous to consumers in contrast to synthetic fungicides. Teak leaves have been reported to possess a very great antimicrobial activity because of their high content of phytochemicals. In an effort to develop eco-friendly chemical strategy for control of Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants, in vitro effect of 10, 30 and 50% (w/v) concentrations of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of teak (Tectona grandis L.) on the radial growth of the mycelia of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was investigated using the pour plate method. Results of the study revealed that both extracts retarded the radial growth of mycelia of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici compared to that of the control, with the ethanolic extract having a greater effect at the concentrations tested in this study. It is therefore recommended that an in vivo study of effects of the same leaf extracts on wilt – infected tomato plants be conducted
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    Identification of Fungi Associated with Rotten Sweet Orange Fruits (Citrus sinensis L.) in University of Ilorin Botanical Garden
    (Federal University Birnin-Kebbi, 2023-12) Olahan, G.S.; Ajadi, I.; Issa, B.T.
    The presence of fungi in oranges poses a significant risk to public health, impacting global economies and the well-being of both humans and animals. To effectively address this problem, it is important to identify the specific types of fungi to address this concern effectively. This study was aimed at isolating and characterizing fungal species associated with rotten sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis L.) in the University of Ilorin using phenotypic characterization and molecular tools. A total of five orange fruits were collected from different trees at the Unilorin botanical garden and immediately transported to the Biology laboratory, University of Ilorin. The rotten part of the fruits was cut out, surface-sterilized, and then inoculated onto potato dextrose agar. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus arrhizus were the fungal isolated and identified. The identification of these pathogens is crucial for implementing effective post-harvest management measures. This will aid in eliminating the pathogens from sweet orange fruits during post-harvest handling, reduces spoilage and extending their shelf life.
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    In vitro antifungal efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) against Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the cause of kola nuts rot in West Africa
    (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Punjab, Pakistan, 2024-06) Olahan, G.S.; Ajadi, I.
    In vitro efficacy of eco-friendly aqueous neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) leaf extract was explored against the fungal pathogen Lasidioplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl., the cause of storage rot of kola nuts (Cola nitida Schott & Endl.), in West Africa. Aqueous neem leaf extracts at concentrations of 10%, 30% and 50% (w/v) were used to amend freshly prepared potato dextrose agar culture medium on which discs of L. theobromae were inoculated followed by incubation at room temperature for 72 hours. The findings demonstrated significant inhibition of fungal growth, with the highest inhibition observed at 50% (w/v) concentration of the extract. This suggests that aqueous neem leaf extract possesses fungicidal properties against L. theobromae, offering a natural alternative for controlling this pathogen and reducing pesticide residues in stored kola nuts, as well as its effects on consumers and the environment as a whole
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    ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH SOIL SURROUNDING THE ROOT OF CITRUS (Citrus sinensis L.) TREE
    (Faculty of Physical and Life Sciences FUDMA, 2024-06) Olahan, G.S.; Ajadi, I.
    Microbiological processes occur in the soil around the roots of land plants. This dynamic area, where plants and microorganisms interact, is crucial for the health and productivity of these plants. This study was aimed at isolating and molecularly identifying bacteria associated with the soil surrounding the root of an orange tree growing in the University of Ilorin, Nigeria to be able to know their roles, whether beneficial or harmful. Securing the soil is a way of having a food-secured world. Soil samples were collected at four different points from an orange tree trunk into separately labeled Ziploc bags using a separate sterile hand trowel for each collection. The labeled ziploc bags were brought to the University of Ilorin's Biology Laboratory for physicochemical analysis of the soil sample and isolation of bacteria using serial dilution method. Results of the physicochemical assessment of the bulked sample indicated that it is a sandy-loam soil with pH value of 6.7 (slightly neutral). Four bacterial species, i.e. Bacillus cereus, Lysinibacillusmacroides, Leucobacterkomogatae, and Alcaligenesfaecalis were isolated and identified molecularly. According to existing literature, the four bacterial species identified in this study are known for their abilities to enhance plant development and solubilize phosphorus, which are crucial for improving supply of nutrient.
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    Mycoflora associated with Groundnut Seeds Collected from the three Senatorial Districts of Kwara State, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Science, Federal University, Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria, 2023-12) Ajadi, I.; Olahan, G.S.
    Groundnut seeds are of numerous benefits to mankind which can be reduced through contamination by fungal species, depending on the fungal species and their degree of contamination of the seeds. Occurrence of fungal species on groundnut seeds is of great public health concern. Therefore, it is essential to examine the different fungal species present. This study employed both the phenotypic and molecular methods to isolate and characterize the fungal species attributed to groundnut seeds. The Zymo Research Group's recommended protocols were followed in order to extract the genomic DNA of each of the fungal species recovered. The PCR amplification and sequencing of the ITS region from the total genomic DNA of fungal isolates were conducted to molecularly identify them, using the NCBI database for comparison. The commonest mycoflora isolated from the stored groundnut seeds were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Alternaria alternate, Fusarium graminearum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Penicillium digitatum and Rhizopus stolonifer. The total incidence of each of them ranged from 8 - 32%. Among the three surveyed districts, Kwara Central exhibited the highest incidence of major mycoflora at 40%, while Kwara North had the lowest at 27%. Aspergillus niger demonstrated the highest incidence among the fungal species found in groundnut seeds collected from all districts. Failure to adequately dry these seeds before storage could elevate the risk of mycotoxin contamination. Implementing management approaches targeting different fungi is essential to preserve nutritional value of groundnut seeds during storage