Browsing by Author "Obaniyi K.A.1 , Sunday O.J.1 , Said R.O.1 , Luka J.2 and Salau-Deen B.M2"

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    CROSS-RESISTANCE BETWEEN SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE AND OTHER ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS: A STUDY OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN ILORIN KWARA STATE NIGERIA
    (International Journal of Advanced Resource, 2025-03) Obaniyi K.A.1 , Sunday O.J.1 , Said R.O.1 , Luka J.2 and Salau-Deen B.M2
    Antimalarial resistance remains a serious problem in malaria-endemic regions, particularly in pregnant women, who are likely to suffer from complications. The research evaluates the resistance to commonly employed antimalarial medications—Chloroquine, Artesunate, and Arthether—among pregnant women in Ilorin, Nigeria, at different trimesters and during delivery. Cross-sectional study was conducted among 253 pregnant women presenting at antenatal clinics within Ilorin, Kwara State. Venous blood from study participants in different pregnancy stages (first trimester, second trimester, third trimester, and upon delivery) were drawn. Schizont maturation inhibition method was used in the drug susceptibility test to establish resistance to Chloroquine, Artesunate, and Arthether. Chloroquine resistance prevalence was moderately low at varying levels of between 7.9% upon delivery and 12.2% in the second trimester. Resistance against Artesunate, however, rose progressively as pregnancy advanced up to 60.0% in the third trimester, suggesting loss of drug effectiveness toward the end of pregnancy. Arthether resistance was variable, with the highest prevalence in the first (43.0%) and second (33.8%) trimesters, dropping to 0% during the third trimester, and then rising again to 38.1% at delivery. Cross-resistance evaluation showed a high positive correlation between SP resistance and Artesunate resistance during the first (OR = 2.53, p = 0.007) and second trimesters (OR = 2.19, p = 0.043), which suggests shared resistance mechanisms. In contrast, SP resistance was reversely associated with Chloroquine resistance at the second trimester (OR = 0.43, p = 0.021) and at delivery (OR = 0.27, p = 0.042), demonstrating that individuals resistant to SP were less resistant to Chloroquine. The findings prove evidence of enhanced resistance to Artesunate, particularly as gestation age increases, making its usage among pregnant women challenging. Cross-resistance between SP and Artesunate increases the need for continued caution and possible alteration of treatment of malaria in pregnant women. Other treatment regimens to manage malaria in pregnancy effectively should be the focus of future research