Browsing by Author "Obaniyi K A"

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    FACTORS INFLUENCING SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE RESISTANCE IN PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN ILORIN, NIGERIA
    (2025-01-31) Obaniyi K A
    Malaria remains a significant public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, especially among pregnant women.Resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), a key drug for treatment and prevention, is rising. This study investigated the prevalence of SP resistance among pregnant women in Ilorin, Nigeria, across pregnancy trimesters and healthcare facility types, and identified influencing factors. A cross-sectional study was conductedamong 764 pregnant women attendingPrimary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Private Health Facilities.Facilities were categorized as Primary (basic care), Secondary, Tertiary (advanced care), and Private (privately owned, with varying levels of specialisation). Resistance prevalence was defined as the percentage of pregnant women in each trimester exhibiting resistance to SP.Prevalence rates were 37.6% (first trimester), 28.9% (second trimester), 31.9% (third trimester), and 38.7% (at delivery).The highest prevalence occurred in Private Health Facilities during the first trimester (45.5%) and Secondary Health Facilities at delivery (66.7%). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that occupation, blood group, and IPTp use were the significant predictors of SP resistance. For instance, occupation was associated negatively with resistance in the first trimester: coefficient = -0.144, p = 0.027, whereas hypertension and proximity to stagnant water were significant at delivery, coefficients -0.342, p = 0.009 and -0.296, p = 0.035, respectively. These findings call for targeted malaria control strategies, considering trimester-specific risk factors and healthcare facility type. For example, improved access to IPTp and early detection of hypertension in the second and third trimesters may reduce resistance
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    Mutant DHFR Prevalence and Pyrimethamine Resistance among Asymptomatic Adolescents in Kwara State.
    (Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2023-03-01) Obaniyi K A
    Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a leading public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and its control is seriously challenged by drug resistance. Resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is mediated by point mutations in genes encoding the target enzymes dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (pfdhps). Blood from a total of 176 subjects aged 11-19 years from Ilorin East and Irepodun Local Government areas (LGAs) was examined for mutant alleles of the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at codon 51 and 108 respectively. Rapid Diagnostic Test kits were used for the malaria test. Of the 176 participants, 73 (41.5%) subjects tested positive for malaria parasite while 95 (54.0%) tested negative. For both N51I and S108N SNP screening, mutant alleles were dominant over the wild type. The Iponrin community (Ilorin East LGA) recorded the highest percentage of mutant alleles 14 (33.33%) of the N51I SNP, while the Igbonla community (Irepodun LGA) had the least number of mutant alleles 8 (19.04%). On the other hand, the Alakuko community recorded the highest number of alleles 14 (31.80%) for S108N mutant while the Igbonla community (Irepodun LGA) had the least number of mutant alleles 8 (18.18%). There was widespread pyrimethamine resistance among the studied population and the malaria parasite remains persistent among the studied population. Therefore, there is a need for monitoring antimalarial drug resistance in Nigeria for prompt management of the antimalarial drug resistance menace.