Browsing by Author "Ishola Hakeem"

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    Comparative evaluation of forage grasses for stability analysis using GGE biplot and AMMI and forage yield modelling
    (Research on Crops, 2020) Lawal O.O; Abdulrahaman O.L; Ayanda I.F; Ishola Hakeem; Olatinwo L.K; Ibrahim U.Y
    The need for cultivation of forage grasses to feed animals, as a way of ameliorating the clashes between herders and crop farmers cannot be over emphasized. Therefore, this study was conducted during 2019 at three diverse agro-ecological zones in Kwara State, Nigeria to assess the yield potential, stability, and the possibilities of improving forage yield through secondary traits. Hence, three forage grasses (Elephant grass, Pennisetum purpureum; Gamba grass, Andropogon gayanus; and Ruzi grass, Brachiaria ruziziensis) were laid out in randomised complete block design (RCBD) wherein data was collected on vegetative, stress index traits and yield and were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Traits with significant G × E were subjected to stability analysis using genotype × genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI). Structural equation model was used to depict the association between yield and secondary traits. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) difference among forage grasses for yield and other traits, hence, they are amendable to selection and improvement through breeding efforts. AMMI and GGE biplot effectively identified the best and most stable forage grass as Pennisetum purpureum (28.59 t/ha) for general adaptations, and Ruzi and Gamba for target environments. Plant height, number of tillers, leaf area, dry matter content and stay green are valuable secondary traits that are employable in improving forage yield. Pennisetum can meet the feed demand of herder’s animals, which, if adopted for cultivation and use, can reduce the incessant crises between farmers and herders in Nigeria.
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    HAEMATOLOGY PARAMETERS OF SAVANNAH BROWN GOATS FED MAXIGRAIN ENZYME TREATED RICE HUSK SUPPLEMENTED WITH SHEA BUTTER LEAVES
    (Wayamba Journal of Animal Science, 2018) Jiya E.Z; Alemede I.C; Kudu Y.S; Ishola Hakeem; Zakariyya B.T
    This study was conducted to determine the haematology parameters of savannah brown goats fed Maxigrain® enzyme treated rice husk supplemented with shea butter leaves. A total number of 36 He- Savannah Brown Goats aged between 2-3 months with an average body weight of 5.5 kg were assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of varied inclusion (0, 25, 50 and 75%) of Maxigrain® enzyme treated rice husk for eight (8) weeks experimental period. The different level of Maxigrain® enzyme treated rice husk had significant differences (P<0.05) on White Blood Cell (WBC), Absolute Lymphocyte (LY#), Lymphocyte % (LY), Absolute Granulocyte (GRAN #) and Haemoglobin (HB). While Mid cell (MID), Granulocyte (GRAN), Absolute Mid cell (MID#), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Haemotocrit (HCT) reveal no significant (P>0.05) difference among the treatment mean. Haemoglobin (HB), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Haemotocrit (HCT) and Granulocyte (GRAN) fell within range value of the goat’s blood showing that Maxigrain enzymes treated rice husk has no detrimental effect on the haematology.
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    Influence of Dietary Supplementation of Guava Leaf, Oxytetracycline, and Tert‐Butylhydroxytoluene on Growth Performance, Gut Microbial Population, Immune Status, Carcass, and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens
    (Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 2022-06) Ishola Hakeem; Adeyemi K.D.; Agboola K.O; Quadri R.O; Kelani A.M; Ahmed El-Ima A.M
    This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of guava leaf (GL), oxytetracycline, and tertbutylhydroxytoluene on growth, immune status, gut microbial population, and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 280 Ross 308 one-day-old chicks were randomly allotted to either G-0; basal diet (BD) without additive; G-1; BD + 0.5 g/kg oxytetracycline + 0.15 g/kg tert-butylhydroxytoluene; G-2; BD + 2.5 g/kg GL; or G-3; BD + 5 g/kg GL for six weeks. At 1-21 d, G-1 and G-2 birds had higher (P<0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and feed efficiency compared with G-0 and G-3 birds. At 22-42 d, the supplemented birds consumed more feed than the G-0 birds. At 1-42 d, BWG and feed intake were higher (P<0.05) in the supplemented birds compared with the G-0 birds. Hematological indices were not affected by the diets. GLsupplemented birds had lower (P<0.05) serum and meat cholesterol than the G-0 and G-1 birds. The G-0 birds had higher tumor necrosis factor-α (83.69 pg/mL) and lower interleukin-10 (5.84 pg/mL) than birds fed other diets. The G-3 birds had lower (P<0.05) interleukin-1β and immunoglobulin M than other birds. Dietary supplements lowered (P<0.05) clostridium, coliforms, and salmonella counts in caecum and ileum. GL-supplemented birds had a higher ileal Lactobacillus count than G-0 and G-1 birds. Carbonyl and malondialdehyde contents were lower (P<0.05) in the supplemented meat on day 4 postmortem. Antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity were higher in the G-3 meat compared with other meats. Breast meat quality was not affected by diet. GL could be a potent antioxidant and antimicrobial in broiler diets.
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    PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT RETENTION, AND CARCASS ATTRIBUTES OF BROILER CHICKENS ON DIETARY SOYBEAN WASTE REPLACEMENT
    (Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 2023-12) Ishola Hakeem
    feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary soybean replacement with soybean waste on growth performance, nutrient retention, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Three hundred Arbor acre day-old broiler chicks were assigned into five treatments and 3 replicates each in a completely randomised design. The feeding trial was for 8 weeks. The birds were fed starter diets (23 % crude protein and 2800 Kcal/kg ME) for the first 4 weeks and finisher diets (20 % crude protein and 3000 kcal/kg ME) for the remaining 4 weeks. Final Body Weight (FBW) and Weight Gain (WG) of birds on diets of Soybean (SBW) at 0 and 40 % were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with those birds on diets SBW 20, 60, and 80 %. This was reflected in their better feed conversion efficiency. There were no significant differences in the crude fibre retention of birds at the finisher stage of the experiment regardless of the experimental birds as compared with the crude fibre retention at the starter stage of the feeding trial, which showed variations in the crude fibre retention. Carcass attributes of birds on the SBW 0 % diet were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those birds on SBW 20, 40, 60 and 80 %, respectively. Birds on SBW 40 % had a better growth performance and enhanced carcass attributes than other101 replacement levels of 20, 60, and 80 % diets. The performance of birds on SBW 40 % could also be compared relatively to birds on SBW 0 %, the control treatment.
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    Post-Mortem Application of Garden Egg Solanum melogena Peel Powder On Oxidative Stability of Pectoralis Major Muscle in Broiler Chickens
    (TechnoScience Journal for Community Development in Africa, 2024-05-14) Ishola Hakeem; Olowoeyo Rukayat
    This study evaluated the phenolic compounds in garden egg peel powder (GEPP) and the effect of GEPP on lipid oxidation of raw and cooked pectoralis major muscle in broiler chickens. Graded levels (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) of GEPP were applied to minced raw and cooked broiler breast meat and compared with 0.01% Butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA). Lipid oxidation in the meat samples was monitored at 3-day interval for 9 days using the thiobarbituric acid test. The GEPP contains flavonoid, phenols, terpenoids and tannins. Irrespective of antioxidant treatments, cooked meat samples had higher (P< 0.05) thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value than the raw meat samples. The raw and cooked control samples had higher (P< 0.05) TBARS than meat samples treated with antioxidants. On day 0 and 3, the TBARS value of BHA samples did not differ (P> 0.05) from those treated with GEPP. However, on day 6 and 9, BHA samples had lower TBARS value compared with those treated with GEPP. The current results suggest that post-mortem application of 0.5% GEPP could reduce lipid oxidation in refrigerated broiler meat for up to 3 days.
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    RESPONSE OF CHICKEN BROILERS TO EARLY GRADED LEVELS DIETARY PROTEIN AND ENERGY
    (Journal of Agriculture Research and Development, 2018) Ishola Hakeem; Atteh. J.O
    270 day old Arbor Acre broilers of a mixed sex were used to investigate the effects of different dietary protein and energy levels on performance, nutrient absorption capability and gut morphology of broilers from 0 14 days of age. Birds were fed diets containing 20, 23, or 25% protein and 3000, 3200 or 3400kcal/kg metabolisable energy using a 3 x 3 factorial design from 0 14 days of age. From 15 28 days all the birds in the experimental units were fed a standard diet to investigate the residual effects of the early protein and energy levels. There were significant interactions (P<0.01) between dietary protein and energy content in feed intake, weight gain and feed/gain ratio (P<0.01). At 20 and 25% protein level, increase in dietary energy levels above 3200kcal/kg resulted in a significant decrease in feed intake (P<0.01). At 23% protein, feed intake at 3200kcal/kg was significantly lower than those of birds fed with either 3000 or 3400kcal/kg. At 20, 23 and 25% protein levels, increase in energy content above 3000kcal/kg resulted in a significant increase in weight gain (P<0.01). At 20 and 25% protein levels, increase in energy above 3000kcal/kg resulted in a significant decrease in feed to weight ratio (P<0.01). Significant interaction (P<0.01) also occurred on the residual effect of the dietary levels of protein and energy earlier fed to the birds on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. At 20% protein level, increase in energy above 3200kcal/kg resulted in a significant decrease in feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. At 23% protein level, the feed intake and feed to gain ratio at 3400kcal/kg were significantly higher than those of birds earlier fed diets with either 3000 or 3200kcal/kg. 20% dietary protein level combined with energy content of 3400kcal/kg gave the lowest cost of feed cost/kg and cost of producing 1kg of the bird compare to dietary level of 25% protein and energy content of 3000kcal/kg which had the highest cost of feed/1kg and cost of producing 1kg of the bird. The diet of lower nutrient density (20% of protein level and 3400kcal/kg) showed a better cost effectiveness when express as per kilogramme live weight.