Browsing by Author "Garba Saa'du"

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    Melatonin Mitigates Hormonal Toxicity in Cannabis -Treated Female Wistar Rats
    (African Journals Online (AJOL), 2023-05-29) A. Oluwasola; O.E. Ayoola; Garba Saa'du; M.A. Adepoju; S.A. Biliaminu; L.A. OLayaki
    Cannabis which is obtained from the flowering tops, Cannabis is obtained from the flowering tops, leaves and resin of the female plant of Cannabis sativa leaves and resin of the female plant of Cannabis sativa L. (family Cannabidaceae), is the most commonly L. (family Cannabidaceae), is the most commonly abused illicit drugs worldwide. It is also one of the abused illicit drugs worldwide1 with medicinal uses.2 commonly abused substances by women of The active component, Ä9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Ä9- childbearing age. Researchers have shown that THC), has been used for treating migraine headache, Cannabinoids have negative effects on the activity of glaucoma, nausea, and anorexia. However, its gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-secreting detrimental effects on reproductive system have been neurons by direct and indirect mechanisms. Thus, reported. Marijuana is one of the commonly abused researches are needed to mitigate these side effects of substances by women of childbearing age.3 It has been Cannabis-sativa(CS) because of its recreational reported that about 64-79% of female are cannabis purposes which are increasing rapidly. This study users' nationwide3 which can lead to pregnancy loss.4 investigated the effects of CS on hormonal toxicity and Cannabinoids have also been reported to have negative the ameliorative role of melatoninin female rats. effects on the activity of gonadotropin releasing CS significantly (p<0.05) decreased hormone (GnRH)-secreting neurons by direct and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle indirect mechanisms.5,6,7 Moreover, it has been shown stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), to have direct oestrogenic effect on the uterus 8 leading Oestrogen (E), progesterone and prolactin levels of the to the binding of 3â-estradiol to oestrogen receptors.9 It cannabis-treated female ratsrespectively. However,all also has direct effect on the ovary 1011thus, inhibiting these hormones were significantly (p<0.05) reducedby ovarian prostaglandin synthesis which is involved in co-administration of CS with melatonin to the level follicular rupturing during ovulation.11CBR1 is mostly comparable to the control. expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) where it This study showed the hormonal toxicity mediates the central cannabinoids actions. caused by CS which could be mediated by endocrine Peripherally, its expression has been shown to be disruption in female rats. However, these effects could present in the reproductive tissues.12In addition, CB1 be ameliorated by melatonin. Since the consumption of has been found to also be present in the ovary, uterine CS is increasing globally because of its medical uses endometrium, testis, vas deferens, urinary bladder, and leading to its legalization, therefore, consumption of other peripheral endocrine and neurological tissues. melatonin as supplement may be recommended for its CB2 receptors, in contrast, have a fairly limited users. distribution, being found predominantly in immune cells,14mast cells,15 immune cells (B and natural killer cells.
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    The Ameliorative effects of melatonin on cannabis-induced liver toxicity in male and female wistar rats.
    (African Journals Online, 2023-08-23) A. Oluwasola; O.E. Ayoola; Garba Saa'du; M.A. Adepoju; M.E. Balogun; S.A. Biliaminu; L.A. OLayaki
    Liver has an incontrovertible influence on several functions of many organs in the body. It is prone to xenobiotic induced injury due to its central role in xenobiotic metabolism and its portal location within the system. This study investigated and compared the effects of melatonin on cannabis-induced liver toxicity in male and female wistar rats. Twenty female rats (156g ± 1.05) and twenty male rats (192g ± 1.42) were separately assigned into four groups of five animals each, such that the rats in groups I, II, III and IV received orally 1mL of distilled water, 2mg/kg body weight (BW) of ethanolic extract of Cannabis sativa EECS, 2mg/kg BW of EECS plus 4mg/kg BW ofmelatonin and 4mg/kg BW of melatonin respectively for twenty one days. Creatinine, bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), albumin andinducible protein were determined using standard methods. Cannabis sativa(CS)significantly(p<0.05) increased creatinine, bilirubin, GGT, ALP, LDH, ALT, and AST respectively. CS also decreased albumin and inducible protein significantly (p<0.05). However, these increments and decrements were more in male than female rats. All these effects were ameliorated to the level comparable with the control when the CS was administered with melatonin CS showed alterations in liver biomarkers (enzymes) which were probably associated with liver toxicity. These alterations were more in male than in female. However, these effects were ameliorated by melatonin. Since the consumption of CS is increasing globally because of its medical uses, thus, consumption of melatonin as supplement may be recommended.