Browsing by Author "FAUSAT ABIMBOLA JIMOH"

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    Distribution Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Asa River (Nigeria)
    (JASEM, 2017) FAUSAT ABIMBOLA JIMOH
    Escherichia coli are known pathogenic organism that has caused diseases which has led to severe morbidity and increased death rate. The occurrence of extended spectrum beta Lactamase (bla) producing Escherichia coli has been on the rise. Water samples were investigated as a potential reservoir for the Extended Spectrum Beta- Lactamase (ESBL) - producing E. coli using phenotypic (culture-based) and molecular methods. Double disc synergy test was determined between a disc of amoxicillin-clavulanate (20μg/10μg) (augmentin) and a 30-μg disc of each thirdgeneration cephalosporin antibiotic placed at a distance of 20 mm from centre to centre on a Mueller-Hinton Agar plate streaked with the isolate. An isolate was considered to be ESBL negative if there was no enhancement between any of the cephalosporin and the clavulanate-containing discs and were then subjected to specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Eighty-four environmental E. coli was isolated. 58(69.04%) showed positivity for ESBL production. E. coli isolates positive for ESBL-production selected and subjected to plasmid curing were all plasmid mediated. 16 isolates subjected to PCR to identify the presence of blaSHV (Sulphydryl Variable), blaTEM (Temoneira) and blaCTX-M (Cefotaximase) genes revealed that 11(68.7%) of these had at least one ESBL gene (either blaCTX-M or blaTEM, or both), 5(31.3%) isolates do not have any of the three ESBL genes, and blaSHV was not detected in any of the isolates. The results of this study indicate the widespread prevalence of ESBLs in E. coli. Therefore, beta-lactam antibiotics and beta-lactamase inhibitors should be prescribed based on an antibacterial susceptibility test. © JASEM
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    screening of prosopsis africana for antimicrobial activity against selected oral pathogens
    (Nig. J. Pure & Appl. Sci., 2017) FAUSAT ABIMBOLA JIMOH
    Prosopis africana, a chewing stick popularly used in the South Western part of Nigeria was examined for antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 35218, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Escherichia coli ST2747 and Streptococcus mutans using agar well diffusion method. Extraction was done using ethanol and distilled water. The plant was screened for its phytochemical components. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis was done to detect the secondary metabolites. All the extracts showed antimicrobial activity against the organisms with zones of inhibition ranging from 3.33±0.29 - 13.83±1.61mm except Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 35218 which was resistant to aqueous extract of the dried sample. Statistical analysis of data showed that there was no significant difference in the antimicrobial effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the plant samples at 95% confidence intervals. The phytochemical screening result showed that phenols, alkaloids, sterols, triterpenes and saponins are components of the chewing stick. Also, fatty acids such oleic, palmitic and stearic acids were chemical constituents detected in the plant extracts by GC-MS. The results obtained in this study indicate that P. africana will be useful in the treatment of oral infections.