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Browsing by Author "Ernest Tambo"

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Averting MERS-Cov Emerging Threat and Epidemics: The Importance of Community Alertness and Preparedness Policies and Programs
(Journal Of Prevention & Infection Control, 2015-09) Ernest Tambo; Tamiru Oljira; Olalubi A. Oluwasogo; Emad I. M. Khater; Zhou Xiao-Nong
Africa being part of the global village is challenged by unprecedented and persistent emerging infectious diseases threats and outbreaks. Recent memories of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreaks in Saudi Arabia (2012) and South Korea (2015), West Africa Ebola viral disease outbreak and public health humanitarian crisis (2014) and China’s SARS outbreaks. Various differences and similarities between these diseases have triggered serious concerns and magnified that similar outbreaks could occur anywhere in the world with lingering health complications, socio-political and economic crises. Yet, there is dearth of knowledge on MERS-CoV reservoirs, risk factors of emergence, infectivity and transmissibility in Africa and globally. This paper highlights forward approaches and key activities to the African Union, governments and institutions and all stakeholders including public-private partnership. These play paramount roles in providing information and support to address MERS-CoV and other emerging infectious diseases research gaps, (2) promoting community alertness and resilience in preparedness, (3) fostering effective and coordinated logistics in risk communication, planning and response in MERS-CoV public mobilization literacy and awareness, advocacy and mitigation. There is an urgent need to establish an integrated and strategic evidence-based local and nationwide surveillance and response capacity, (5) better understand the MERS-CoV animal reservoir(s) and human-human infectivity and transmissibility, and (6) implement informed community-based or national threat and epidemics actionable emergency insurance facility and compensation schemes. Conclusively, improved early warning, active and integrated epidemiological and genomic surveillance indicators data gathering to inform and guide effective and community resilience capability in consolidating and upholding knowledge gains from “One Health Surveillance Network” and best practices in achieving “One Health” and global health security.
Can free open access resources strengthen knowledge-based emerging public health priorities, policies and programs in Africa?
(F1000Research, 2016) Ernest Tambo; Ghislaine Madjou; Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa; Emmanuel N. Tekwu; Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Nicolas Midzi; Louis Bengyella; Ahmed A. Adedeji; Jeanne Y. Ngogang
Tackling emerging epidemics and infectious diseases burden in Africa requires increasing unrestricted open access and free use or reuse of regional and global policies reforms as well as timely communication capabilities and strategies. Promoting, scaling up data and information sharing between African researchers and international partners are of vital importance in accelerating open access at no cost. Free Open Access (FOA) health data and information acceptability, uptake tactics and sustainable mechanisms are urgently needed. These are critical in establishing real time and effective knowledge or evidence-based translation, proven and validated approaches, strategies and tools to strengthen and revamp health systems. As such, early and timely access to needed emerging public health information is meant to be instrumental and valuable for policy-makers, implementers, care providers, researchers, health-related institutions and stakeholders including populations when guiding health financing, and planning contextual programs.
Can free open access resources strengthen knowledge-based emerging public health priorities, policies and programs in Africa?
(F1000Research, 2016-05-09) Ernest Tambo; Ghislaine Madjou; Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa; Emmanuel N. Tekwu; Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Nicolas Midzi; Louis Bengyella; Ahmed A. Adedeji; Jeanne Y. Ngogang
Tackling emerging epidemics and infectious diseases burden in Africa requires increasing unrestricted open access and free use or reuse of regional and global policies reforms as well as timely communication capabilities and strategies. Promoting, scaling up data and information sharing between African researchers and international partners are of vital importance in accelerating open access at no cost. Free Open Access (FOA) health data and information acceptability, uptake tactics and sustainable mechanisms are urgently needed. These are critical in establishing real time and effective knowledge or evidence-based translation, proven and validated approaches, strategies and tools to strengthen and revamp health systems. As such, early and timely access to needed emerging public health information is meant to be instrumental and valuable for policy-makers, implementers, care providers, researchers, health-related institutions and stakeholders including populations when guiding health financing, and planning contextual programs.
DIGITAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS IN HEALTH SYSTEMS IN AFRICA
(EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH www.ejpmr.com, 2016) Ernest Tambo; Ghislaine Madjou; Yves Mbous; Oluwasogo A Olalubi; Clarence Yah; Ahmed A Adedeji; Jeanne Yonkeu Ngogang
Digital health adoption and implementation holds great promises and opportunities in strengthening and transforming health systems and community across Africa continent. This synopsis climaxes the digitalization health systems opportunities and implications on preventive and curative healthcare and medical services delivery in Africa. Also it aims at galvanizing robust political leadership commitment and investment of government, local public and private stakeholders’ partnership and collaboration in maximizing on the digital health benefits and in harnessing the importance of an integrated digital health ecosystems approach, technologies and tools. Authors buttress that digital health contextual inter-operability harmonization and standardization or validation of methods and strategies benchmarks are needed in strengthening and maximizing local, national and regional digital actionable care services delivery (e.g.: dCare, dFitness, dPharmacy, dImmunization) in promoting healthier lifestyles and wellness, attainment of sustainable economy development and global health security.
Ebola Outbreaks Public Health Emergencies in Fragile Conflicts Zones and Displaced Populations in Africa
(International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 2017-10-11) Ernest Tambo; Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Chryseis F. Chengho; Isatta Wurie; Jeannetta K. Jonhson; Marcel Fogang; Jeanne Y. Ngogang
Little is documented on conflict and displacement impact on West Africa Ebola Virus disease (EVD) outbreaks. The paper revisits Ebola outbreaks public health emergencies in fragile conflict zones and displaced populations across Africa. Findings showed that the duration of conflict/war events varied one to forty three years. Notably, Darfur war in Sudan and South Sudan lasted between 18- 23 years, RD Congo and Guinea incessant political and ethnical or mining conflict instability repeatedly ranging between 2-6 years, Liberia and Sierra Leone 5 and 12 years conflict/war events associated Ebola outbreaks were documented following seven and four years of conflicts from 1989-1996 and 1999-2003 prior to a democracy nation era in Liberia respectively. Worldwide, there have been 28,639 cases of Ebola virus disease and 11,316 deaths as at December, 2016 compared to recent Zika virus outbreaks in Latin America. Ebola outbreak public health emergencies advocacy, community social mobilization and engagement, Ebola awareness, effective and culturally dignified communications, social media and mass media risk communication, community literacy and preparedness, emergency response engagement and participation, access and deployment of digital technology applications (Health map) in surveillance, tracking and monitoring and key traditional burial practice behaviours changes were being translated into positive successes and benefits that geared rapid and effective prevention of further spread and containment activities of West Africa Ebola outbreak. Inter-humanitarian organizations, institutions and other stakeholders including government cooperation and coordinated leadership, commitment and investment were laudable in supporting accountability and transparency in the overall objectives of public health emergency preparedness planning, care management systems in Ebola outbreak centres, public awareness, epidemic early detection and rapid response as well as effective immunization programs implementation to outwit Ebola virus. Sierra Leone conflict lasted from 1991-2002, Guinea recorded frequent relentless instability than Liberia with two major conflict periods from 1989-1996 and 1999-2003. For the first time, we established a statistical significant correlation between duration of war/conflict events and Ebola outbreaks onsets in Africa (P<0.05).Unexpectedly; the total fatality rate in Liberia or Sierra Leone only was greater than the previously reported cumulative EVD cases across Africa since 1976. It is crucial to intensify advocacy on conflicts/wars resolutions to disaster risk reduction framework evidence practice implementation of peace building in fostering health and socioeconomic development and growth. Authors call for the urgent need for concerned commitment and engagement of all stakeholders to develop, implement and strengthening local, national, regional and global public health emergencies evidence practice approaches and strategies including national public health disaster emergency situations insurance models and schemes integration is paramount in disaster high risk prone settings and particular in Africa.
Effectiveness of non-conventional humanitarian responses on Ebola outbreak crisis in West Africa
(J Pharmacovigilance, 2015) Michel Talla; Ugwu E Chidiebere; Oluwasogo A Olalubi; Isatta Wurie; Jeannetta K Jonhson; Jeane Y Ngogang; Ernest Tambo
Background: The significance of early warning alert, preparedness, public health surveillance and response systems, has been shown through the most deadly Ebola outbreak, complex ever seen Ebola war in West African communities as new cases is increasing exponentially with high risk of exposure of population and medical staff alike. The late humanitarian and local non-government organisations emergency responses and challenges to curtail transmission dynamics and stop the ongoing spread in the Ebola outbreak in West Africa have led to an unprecedented toll of 21,724 reported Ebola cases in eight countries since the outbreak began, with 8,641 reported deaths including 828 health-care workers and 499 died as 14 January 2015. Methods: Non-conventional humanitarian interventions (NCHI) was declared in West Africa Ebola epicenters with major tasks at implementing relief logistics and the much-needed public health emergency responses and programmes to ultimately reduce and stamp out Ebola outbreak amidst the most remote and hard to reach vulnerable populations. Results & Discussions: Indications have prompted the need of further evaluation of monitoring of the effectiveness of non conventional humanitarian interventions during and post Ebola outbreak crisis. This paper showed that NCHI has significantly support the reduction EVD new proportion of cases and drastically reduce case fatality in the context of Ebola epicentres through Ebola health centres building, mobile laboratory facilities, emergency medical evacuation capability, prompt treatment and care support and services delivery, and infection prevention and control quality assurance checks in these countries. At the same time, exhaustive NCHI efforts targeted ensuring timely and sufficient optimal supply personal protective equipment (PPE), building new Ebola emergency care centers and emergency stockpile supply and delivery and set strategic coordinated priorities to all Ebola treatment facilities, along with the provision of local training and empowerment using relevant guidelines to limit to the minimum possible level of risk and aftermath within the context of national sovereignty, peace and security. The paper highlights the effectiveness of NCHI in population in public health crisis and mitigates on medical, ethics and legal challenges in West Africa emergency responses. Conclusion: NCHI has successful supported operational containment efforts and lessons learnt in West Africa and lay foundation for accountable, transparent and innovative model for emergency response to global disease outbreaks in the most remote vulnerable populations. However, there lies a critical need to build up from the NCHI response and management in West Africa toward a more pragmatic and robust evidence based NCHI approaches and models that can transform and empower the huge natural and human resource potentials towards achieving universal coverage, the 2015–2030 Millennium Developing Goals (MDGs), sustainable growth and development in Africa and worldwide economic prosperity
Ethical, legal and societal considerations on Zika virus epidemics complications in scaling-up prevention and control strategies
(Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 2017) Ernest Tambo; Ghislaine Madjou; Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa; Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Chryseis F. Chengho; Emad I.M. Khater
Much of the fear and uncertainty around Zika epidemics stem from potential association between Zika virus (ZIKV) complications on infected pregnant women and risk of their babies being born with microcephaly and other neurological abnormalities. However, much remains unknown about its mode of transmission, diagnosis and long-term pathogenesis. Worries of these unknowns necessitate the need for effective and efficient psychosocial programs and medical-legal strategies to alleviate and mitigate ZIKV related burdens. In this light, local and global efforts in maintaining fundamental health principles of moral, medical and legal decision-making policies, and interventions to preserve and promote individual and collective Human Rights, autonomy, protection of the most vulnerable, equity, dignity, integrity and beneficence that should not be confused and relegated by compassionate humanitarian assistance and support. This paper explores the potential medical and ethical-legal implications of ZIKV epidemics emergency response packages and strategies alongside optimizing reproductive and mental health policies, programs and best practice measures. Further long-term cross-borders operational research is required in elucidating Zika-related population-based epidemiology, ethical-medical and societal implications in guiding evidence-based local and global ZIKV maternal-child health complications related approaches and interventions. Core programs and interventions including future Zika safe and effective vaccines for global Zika immunization program in most vulnerable and affected countries and worldwide should be prioritized.
Evidence decision-making policy practice in emerging pandemics and epidemics threats preparedness and response operations in Africa
(Preprints (www.preprints.org), 2018-04-04) Ernest Tambo; Ghislaine Madjou; Christopher Khayeka−Wandabwa; Pascal DJ Chuisseu; Oluwasogo A Olalubi; Jeanne Y. Ngogang
Quality evidence-based decisions and strategies are critical and valuable tools in strengthening health systems policies, strategic priorities action plans and comprehensive care delivery management. Our finding showed that there is scarcity of local/national and internal effective evidence-based and management strategies for informed decision making based on the disease or health epidemics nature, extend, ecological and geo-location of pandemics and epidemics crises burden and impacts. Evidence-based programs or projects are crucial in evolving pandemics and/or (Ebola, meningitis, Cholera and influenza) epidemics persistent morbidity and mortality/ case fatality reduction or prevention; as well as on poverty and inequity alleviation within the vulnerable population and citizenry over time. This paper assesses implications of evidencebased on health systems surveillance and monitoring systems, preparedness and emergency response gaps and needs in improving care delivery uptake and usefulness, coverage and effectiveness in Africa. Furthermore, the article advocates for quality, access to and uptake of knowledge-based policy-decision making and practice improvements in building efficient and standardized surveillance, preparedness and response approaches. Also, in enriching data sharing and inclusiveness through understanding the links between poverty, poor health and inequited related emerging infectious diseases epidemics in Africa. Leveraging on cumulative lessons learnt experiences and innovations in integrating participatory knowledge-based policies and approaches is paramount in fostering vulnerable population awareness and engagement, skills empowerment collaborative productivity and sustainable healthy solutions and measures. Strengthening new partnerships, alliances, and networks requires collaborative and quality evidence policy decisions, appropriate and reliable monitoring and evaluation systems approaches and strategies in improving local preparedness and emergency response capabilities against future emerging infectious diseases epidemics and fast-tracking poverty alleviation knowledge-based livelihoods and health solutions for impact. Furthermore, integrated, participative partnerships and collaborative responsibilities, cost effective and reliable evidence health financing and budget allocation, and targeted capacity development aiming at reducing and averting the burden of poverty related emerging threats and epidemics preparedness and response programs in African countries.
Fostering prevention and care delivery services capability on HIV pandemic and Ebola outbreak symbiosis in Africa
(J Infect Dev Ctries, 2016) Ernest Tambo; Clarence S Yah; Chidiebere E Ugwu; Oluwasogo A Olalubi; Isatta Wurie; Jeannetta K Jonhson; Jeanne Y Ngogang
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the re-emerging Ebola virus disease (EVD) are closely intertwined and remain a persistent public health threat and global challenge. Their origin and rapid transmission and spread have similar boundaries and share overlapping impact characteristics, including related symptoms and other interactions. The controversies and global threat of these viruses require rapid response policy and evidence-based implementation findings. The constraints and dual burden inflicted by Ebola and HIV infections are highly characterized by similar socio-demographics, socio-economic and political factors. EVD has similar effects and burdens to HIV infection. This study seeks to understand EVD in the context of HIV epidemic despite the challenges in developing an effective vaccine against HIV and EVD. Our findings show that early understanding, prevention and treatment of these diseases a global health threat mainly in Africa is important and valuable. The lessons learned so far from HIV and Ebola epidemics are crucial in health programming and execution of rapid response interventions and continued vigilance against EVD before it become another worldwide health menace. Therefore, the current regional West Africa EVD requires strengthening healthcare systems and building preparedness and response capacity. Importantly, appropriate community participation, health education and resilience coupled with deployment of effective novel diagnostic approaches in early warning and surveillance of threats and emerging diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel key strategies are crucial in curbing the constant viral resurgence, persistence transmission dynamics and spread, as well in accelerating Ebola vaccines regimen (immunization) development and national implementation plans in achieving sustained control, and eventual elimination.
Geospatial Modeled Analysis and Laboratory Based Technology for Determination of Malaria Risk and Burden in a Rural Community
(International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 2020) Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Gabriel Salako; Oluwasegun T. Adetunde; Henry O. Sawyerr; M. Ajao; Ernest Tambo
Introduction: Geographical Information System (GIS) has proven to be very useful for large scale mapping of ecosystems, land use and cover, disease prevalence, risk mapping and forecasting. GIS establish relationship or link between vector borne diseases and associated environmental factors thereby providing explanation for spatial distribution pattern, possible causes of diseases outbreak and implications on the community. Aims and Objectives: Our approach in this study was to define and identify areas and places that are exposed to Malaria risk through proximity analysis and to compare geospatial risk with laboratory diagnosed malaria epidemiology. Methodology: Garmin GPS was used to capture the geographic coordinates of six (6) selected settlements and overlaid with georeferenced and processed satellite images in the study area. GIS modeling was performed on risk factors using weighted overlay technique to produce malaria risk map. A total of One hundred and thirty-five (135) vulnerable individuals were diagnosed for Malaria with light Olympus microscope and rapid diagnostic kit (RDT). Data were entered and analyzed using R-Package for Statistical Computing and Graphics. Results: Proximity to malaria risk follows relatively the order Apodu > Central Malete > Elemere > KWASU Campus > Gbugudu. Apodu being the largest place with proximity to malaria risk, within 500 m radius. The risk index increases as one move away from the center of the settlement. The possible explanation for this high risk could be the presence of pond / lake in Apodu. This is a good breeding site for mosquito couple with dense vegetation as one move away from the centre of the settlements. Unlike Apodu, Gbugudu was at medium risk at 100 m buffer (60%) but the risk index decreases as one move away from the settlement centre. The absence of thick vegetation and presence of numerous open farms and partly cultivated farmlands on the eastern part could have been responsible for reduction in risk index. Dense vegetation and ponds were observed within Apodu, while Central Malete was built up with dense vegetation are possible reasons for the high risk index, while settlements within 1 km radius around KWASU campus recorded lower risk index possibly due to low vegetation. The geospatial malaria risk analysis correlates with the laboratory based test results. RDT kits and light microscopy results showed Apodu having the highest malaria prevalence with 46% and 58.7% followed by Elemere 41% and 30.3% respectively. When calculating prevalence by aggregating results across all communities, Apodu still had the highest malaria prevalence for the whole region. RDT and light microscopy results combined for all communities had Apodu with malaria prevalence of 21.48% and 27.4% followed by Elemere with 11.85% and 12.5% respectively. Gbugudu had the least malaria prevalence within the region with 3.7% and 7.4% respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Findings of this study showed dense vegetation and ponds within Apodu, Elemere and Central Malete served as good breeding site for mosquitoes and were responsible for the high-risk index at these areas. Settlements within 1 km radius around KWASU campus recorded lower index possibly due to low vegetation. Results from this study indicate that the degree of malaria parasitaemia in the three major settlements correlates directly with the remote sensing data.
Re-emerging Lassa fever outbreaks in Nigeria: Re-enforcing “One Health” community surveillance and emergency response practice
(Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 2018) Ernest Tambo; Oluwasegun T. Adetunde; Oluwasogo A. Olalubi
Response of undergraduates to institutional emergency strategies on Ebola virus disease in Kwara State University, Nigeria
(Journal of Behavioral Health www.scopemed.org, 2017-01) Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Abdulrasheed A. Adio; Shola K. Babatunde; Henry O. Sawyerr; Taofiq Ajara; Ernest Tambo
Background: The challenge of Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak prompted the need for the development and implementation of strategic alertness and emergency response intervention in prevention and containment of future threats and epidemics. Objective: This work was designed to assess knowledge, perception, attitude, behavioral practices, risk vulnerability, and effectiveness of some selected surveillance interventions strategic responses and measures among undergraduate students in prevention and containment of EVD epidemics. Also to analyze the associations among root causes, vulnerability, risk factors, mode of spread, symptoms, prevention, and response patterns. Materials and Methods: The study employed a carefully-structured, closed-ended, interviewer-administered, paper-based questionnaire designed to capture information on sociodemographic characteristics, active knowledge on EVD, perception, behavioral attitude and responses from undergraduate students to selected strategic surveillance and intervention measures toward containment of EVD in Kwara State University, Nigeria. This is expected to enhance qualitative understanding of perceived misconceptions, and bottlenecks in relation to EVD root causes, mode of transmission, prevention and control programs and strategies. Data were entered and analyzed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 22. Descriptive statistics were reported as frequencies and percentages, and presented graphically using bar graphs and pie charts. Data were analyzed further with Pearson’s Chi-square test to determine associations between variables from which inferences were drawn and reported at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: Based on respondents’ general EVD causes and vulnerability risk factors, handling of corpse (87.3%) was most common, handshake with infected person (95.8%) was the most common mode of spread while regular hand washing with soap and water remained the most pronounced preventive measure. Practices of hand washing after toilet use (93.4%) was most common of the attitude of respondents to EVD, while (38.0%) will relate with EVD survivor. Use of hand sanitizer (83.6%) was a positive response to on - campus EVD intervention. 188 (88.3%) of the respondents’ agreed that EVD presents varieties of signs and symptoms, notable among such includes vomiting, diarrhea and dysentery (34.0%); fever/high body temperature and headache (19.1%); profuse bleeding from nose, mouth and other parts of the body (17.0%); joint body and muscle pain (10.1%). Students at higher levels of study and those in the Colleges of Pure and Applied Sciences and Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Kwara State University tended to have significantly higher knowledge levels at P < 0.05. Conclusion: These findings serve as a prototype in EVD and other emerging epidemics awareness campaigns and community social mobilization activities, institutional and community health education and promotion in upholding and sustaining behavioral, cultural, social and ecological measures and guidelines imperative in guiding evidence-based EVD threat and epidemics knowledge and response delivery programs and best practices in the local setting, Africa and epidemics prone territories.
Rift valley fever epidemic in Niger near border with Mali
(www.thelancet.com/infection, 2016-12) Ernest Tambo; Oluwasogo A Olalubi; Moussa Sacko
Strengthening integrated Zika virus epidemics and Aedes mosquito management and containment programs innovations in Africa
(Journal of Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, 2016-10) Ernest Tambo; Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa; Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Jeanne Y Ngogang; Emad IM Khater
With over 72 countries and territories affected worldwide with Aedes mosquito-transmitted Zika virus disease and estimated over millions of people are at high ZIKV risk including pregnant women in these Aedes mosquito prone settings. The recent epidemic events further stress the ever-increasing need and value of national public health evidence-based decision-making policy, budget allocation and programs in protecting vulnerable communities. This paper highlights Aedes vector ecological determinants and impacts mitigation and adaptation approaches in strengthening and in scaling-up integrated Aedes mosquito management programs and ZIKV epidemics prevention and containment measures across Aedes-prone African countries. We supported the view of WHO urgency to establish and strengthen effective and robust local/national public health laboratories surveillance, port of entries and intersectorial monitoring capabilities, scaling-up proven vector management programs and ZIKV preparedness-response activities. This paper provides the prerequisite in scaling up integrated cost-effective Aedes vectors community awareness and empowerment in risk alertness and communication strategies, and Zika virus population-based detection, diagnosis and reporting systems in guiding evidence-based epidemiologic, clinical and environmental programs implementation innovations at all levels in vulnerable countries such as Africa. Moreover, improving shared responsibility and participation are vital. Furthermore, instituting robust, effective and sustainable local/national preparedness and emergency response systems capacity is crucial in existing and future arthropod-borne threats and disasters.
Triple-crises-induced food insecurity: systematic understanding and resilience building approaches in Africa
(Science in One Health, 2023-10-29) Ernest Tambo; Chen-Sheng Zhang; Gildas B. Tazemda; Bertin Fankep; Ngo T. Tappa; Cremona F Bette Bkamko; Laura M. Tsague; Daniella Tchemembe; Elodie F. Ngazoue; Kennedy K. Korie; Marie Paule N. Djobet; Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Omer N. Njajou
The triple crises of the COVID-19 pandemic, conflict and climate change have severely impacted food systems, leading to socio-economic consequences and undermining food and nutrition security across Africa. To address the malnutrition and poverty affecting approximately 700 million people in Africa, there is potential for the One Health approach implementation and operationalization to bring together multidisciplinary solutions for tackling food insecurity and ensuring food safety net. However, there is limited documentation on the potential of the One Health approach system thinking implementation to guide responses to triple crises-induced food insecurity. Therefore, this article aims to systematically understand the triple crises-induced food insecurity, connect existing solutions, and explore the role of the One Health approach in strengthening food and agriculture systems in Africa. Our finding showed the impact of triple crises exacerbating food system vulnerability in Africa and worldwide. Mitigating and resilient actions are urgently needed in tackling the emerging and persisting challenges, and in fectious diseases menace and burden across Africa. We present a conceptual model illustrating the complex nature of triple crises-induced food insecurity, vulnerability areas within the food system, and actionable strategies for building community food resilience. Additionally, recommendations are provided to create an enabling envi ronment that supports One Health approach implementation and addresses food insecurity challenges through innovative partnerships, local-led initiatives, and enhanced governance and artificial intelligence technology capacities in achieving sustainable and inclusive growth to reduce socio-economic inequalities. Stepping up integrated, actionable, and sustainable food systems programs and innovative long-lasting solutions requires investing in promoting new partnership and research collaboration in building conflict resolution and peace towards strengthening and reshaping local and global food security related climate change adaptations ac tions for most vulnerable communities’ benefits. These are ingredients in fastening preparedness, prevention and control of infectious diseases prevention and control, reducing food supply chains disruption towards accelerating equitable benefits of Universal Health Coverage and Sustainable Development Goals, 2030 across Africa.
Values and Hopes of Ebola Vaccines Mass Immunization Programs and Treatments Adoption and Implementation Benefits in Africa
(International Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination, 2015-11-06) Ernest Tambo; Chidiebere EU; Oluwasogo A. Olalubi; Isatta W; Jeannetta KJ; Jeane YN
The potential benefits of safe, effective and cost effective Ebola vaccines and massive population-based immunization and treatment can be easily demonstrated by the unprecedented Ebola outbreak consequences that raged West Africa and intimidation the international public health security. Effective community-based health programming and contextual understanding have shown to be of tremendous benefits of global poliomyelitis immunization initiative. Africa fertility rate is among the highest in the world and projected growth over next 40 years, from 1.1 billion to 2.4 billion by 2050. It has become clear that the lack of effective Ebola immunization programs and management logistics in both vulnerable populations and international travellers was complicated by weak health planning and epidemics preparedness. Moreover, poor prognosis and late local, regional and international response led to preventable toll of over 27,609 cases and 11,261 deaths been recorded in West Africa recently. As Ebola still represents a common threat in Africa and threatening the global community; this article reports a cumulative survival rate varying between 37- 66% in West Africa with the highest in Sierra Leone of 67% in contrast to 26% in DR Congo with the highest cumulative frequencies of seven of Ebola resurgence episodes from 1977-2014, and Uganda five episodes from 2000-2012. But what exactly triggers to those Ebola patients fortunate enough to survive is still to be elucidated. West Africa has recorded a cumulative fatality rate ranging from 34- 63 %. Understanding the benefits of Ebola immunization should be of importance and could provide inklings into Ebola’s weakness in such dearth of local medical and healthcare delivery, intense global travel and food insecurity systems. Hence, development and effective deployment of massive population-based Ebola immunization program and travel medicine policy on prevention and control measures should be a major priority post-Ebola emergency response directed to curb and to eradicate the threatening Ebola outbreaks. In addition, development of evidence-based innovative community-based primary healthcare services, functioning delivery mechanisms, other public health interventions surveillance and recovery packages. Hence, support in improving safety and healthy living in achieving the national / regional growth, sustainable development goals and global health security.

Browsing by Author "Ernest Tambo"

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