Browsing by Author "Akaje Halimat Tope"

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    CHALLENGES TO THE APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN NIGERIAN COURTS
    (Department of Commercial and Property Law (now Department of Commercial and Industrial Law) Faculty of Law, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, 2025-09-20) Akaje Halimat Tope
    The global concern for the growing crisis of development and environment has led to the emergence of International Environmental law and adoption of several treaties to deal with environmental issues. Nigeria is a signatory to many environment treaties but few of these treaties have been domesticated into the Nigerian Law. This paper therefore discussed the application of International Environmental Law in Nigerian courts. It also discussed the challenges to the application of International Environmental law by Nigerian Courts. It relied on information from textbooks, journals, newspapers and internet materials. The paper also found that the importance of International Environmental Law to environmental protection globally and particularly Nigeria cannot be over emphasized. It revealed that the application of International Environmental Law in Nigerian Courts is confronted with many challenges; these challenges bother on domestication, judicial attitude, locus standi and remedies. It concluded that the provisions of section 12 (1) of the Nigerian Constitution, which stipulates that a treaty must be domesticated before it can have the force of law in Nigeria is a major hindrance to the application of International Environmental Law in Nigerian Courts. The paper recommended tackling the challenges to the application of International Environmental Law in Nigerian Courts, such as domestication of treaties, widening of locus standi, capacity building for judges.
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    POVERTY REDUCTION AND LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMMES IN ILORIN KWARA STATE: LEGAL ISSUES IN PERSPECTIVE
    (Faculty of Law Federal University Oye -Ekiti, Ekiti State, 2024) Akaje Halimat Tope
    Nigeria has been rated as one of the poorest countries in the world as many citizens of Nigeria live below the poverty line. The Kwara State Bureau of Statistics estimated the poverty rate of the state to be 80.54 percent in 2010, Ilorin, being the capital of Kwara State, also has its fair share, as some residents are living with poverty. Hence, this paper seeks to discuss the livelihood programmes that have been embarked upon in Ilorin for the purpose of improving the lives of the vulnerable and marginalized residents. This paper relies on information from textbooks, journals, newspapers, and internet materials-doctrinal method of legal research. This paper reveals that livelihood programmes are valuable tools to reduce poverty but many factors such as corruption, nepotism, politicking, etc inhibit the sustainability and effectiveness of livelihood programmes in lifting people out of poverty in Ilorin. The paper also reveals that legal issues are embedded in the implementation of livelihood programmes, such as land ownership and access, environmental and social safeguards, human right issues and legal remedies for violation of rights, Transparency and accountability in programme implementation, etc. The paper concludes that adherence to legal provisions in the implementation of livelihood programmes enhance their sustainability and effectiveness. The paper also makes recommendations to surmount the challenges confronting the successful implementation of livelihood programmes in Ilorin, such as provision of adequate funding for livelihood programmes by government, monitoring of livelihood programmes