Department of Crop Production

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Browsing Department of Crop Production by Author "A. I. Afe"

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    Comparative study of cucumber (Cucumissativus L.) cultivars under or-ganic fertilizer treatments in the Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria
    (ICC press, 2024-04-30) A. I. Afe; A. A. Olowoake; C. O. Akure; M. R. Babatunde
    Purpose: The study investigated the growth and yield of cucumber cultivars under the influ-ence of the organic fertilizers application. Method: A 4 × 5 factorial combination of four cucumber cultivars (Poinsett, Marketer, Mar ketmore, and Darina hybrid) and four organic fertilizers (Sunshine, Aleshinloye, Gateway, KWASU organic-based fertilizer-KOBF, and the control) in a completely randomized design at the screen house and a randomized complete block in split-plot fashion in the field were replicated three times. Results: At 8 WAP in the screen house, the leaf areas and vine length at the control were sig nificantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to the treated plots with the application of organic ferti-lizers. The Darina hybrid had significantly longer fruit (17.8cm), thicker fruits (13.70 cm), and a higher Fruit yield per hectare (10083.23 kg) compared to other cultivars. In the field, regardless of the organic fertilizer applied, leaf area, fruit length, fruit circumference, and fruit yield per hectare produced at the control were significantly lower than where there were soil amendments. The treated plots with the application of KOBF had significantly more leaf ar-ea, longer and thicker fruits, and fruit yield per hectare compared to the application of other organic fertilizers. The fruit length (12.74 cm), fruit circumference (12.30 cm), and fruit yield per hectare (4048.29 kg) obtained with the application of Aleshinloye organic fertilizer were significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to other organic fertilizers. Conclusion: The Darina hybrid was superior to other cultivars with the application of KOBF organic fertilizerPurpose: The study investigated the growth and yield of cucumber cultivars under the influ-ence of the organic fertilizers application. Method: A 4 × 5 factorial combination of four cucumber cultivars (Poinsett, Marketer, Mar ketmore, and Darina hybrid) and four organic fertilizers (Sunshine, Aleshinloye, Gateway, KWASU organic-based fertilizer-KOBF, and the control) in a completely randomized design at the screen house and a randomized complete block in split-plot fashion in the field were replicated three times. Results: At 8 WAP in the screen house, the leaf areas and vine length at the control were sig nificantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to the treated plots with the application of organic ferti-lizers. The Darina hybrid had significantly longer fruit (17.8cm), thicker fruits (13.70 cm), and a higher Fruit yield per hectare (10083.23 kg) compared to other cultivars. In the field, regardless of the organic fertilizer applied, leaf area, fruit length, fruit circumference, and fruit yield per hectare produced at the control were significantly lower than where there were soil amendments. The treated plots with the application of KOBF had significantly more leaf ar-ea, longer and thicker fruits, and fruit yield per hectare compared to the application of other organic fertilizers. The fruit length (12.74 cm), fruit circumference (12.30 cm), and fruit yield per hectare (4048.29 kg) obtained with the application of Aleshinloye organic fertilizer were significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to other organic fertilizers. Conclusion: The Darina hybrid was superior to other cultivars with the application of KOBF organic fertilizer
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    Growth and Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Population Density of Component Cowpea in a Sesame-cowpea Mixture
    (2017-07-13) A. I. Afe
    Aim: To study the effects of population density on the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) intercropped with cowpea (Vigna unquiculata L. Walp). Materials and Methods: A field trial was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of kwara State University, Malete (08° 42 ᶦᶦ 48.5N and 004° 26 17.9ᶦᶦ E) in the southern Guinea savannah agro-ecological zone of Nigeria in 2014 cropping season. The treatments consisted of full population of sesame intercropped with 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% full population of cowpea. Sole sesame and cowpea were also included as control. Cowpea populations were introduced into sesame at two weeks after planting. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Efficiency of intercropping was evaluated using land equivalent ratio (LER) and percentage yield difference indices (PYD). Results: Intercropping significantly influenced growth and yield of cowpea, meanwhile, growth and yield of sesame were not affected by intercropping. The highest height of cowpea, 22.30 cm, was recorded when full populations of both crops were mixed. Combinations of full population of both crops produced lowest number of branches (1.03) and pods (1.87) per plants in cowpea and also recorded highest LER (1.30) and PYD (31%). Sole cowpea significantly out-yielded other treatment combinations in the intercrop
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    Growth Pattern and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Some Cultivated Herbs against Fish Pathogenic and Food Poisoning Bacteria
    (Organic Agriculture Practioner in Nigeria, 2021-05-17) Adeniyi, O. V.; M. R. Adedayo.; A. I. Afe
    The global concerns on the deleterious effect of synthetic antimicrobials in the production of food animals call for suitable and sustainable natural alternatives, one of which is the use of herbal products. This study aimed to investigate the growth pattern of some herbs of medicinal values and their antibacterial potentials against some sh pathogenic and food poisoning bacteria, compared with Aquamedics (a synthetic antibiotic) using agar well diffusion assay. The results showed that the number of leaves produced in Euphorbia hirta was more than the leaves produced in E. hererophylla; notwithstanding, E. heterophylla was higher than E. hirta. Ocimum gratissimum showed similar pattern of growth with E heterophylla during the rst 8 weeks while Phyllanthus amarus is characterized with production of higher number leaets at the early growth stages. All the herbal extracts investigated showed presence of avonoids and tannins. The ethanol E. hirta extract (EHE) and Jatropha gossypiifolia extract (JGE) exhibited signicantly higher (P < 0.05) zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. uorescens, compared to other extracts and Aquamedics. The JGE also had higher zone of inhibition against Aeromonas hydrophila (26.67mm), and Streptococcus agalactiae (25.67mm) compared to Aquamedics (22.33mm) and other extracts while EHE, E. heterophylla and Moringa oleifera exhibited similar zones of inhibition, 23.67mm, 23.00mm, 21.67mm, respectively, compared with 22.33mm obtained for Aquamedics against A. hydrophila . The methanol extracts of JGE, EHE and P. amarus extract also exhibited higher zone of inhibition against P aeruginosa, compared to other extracts and the synthetic antibiotic. However, the synthetic antibiotic demonstrated higher zone of inhibition than the aqueous extracts of the herbs, except EHE which had similar inhibitory activity with Aquamedics against P. uorescens. On the over all, the ethanol extracts seemed to have more potent antibacterial activity than other extracts. The present study has demonstrated the moderately inhibitory activities of the ethanol and methanol extracts of Euphorbia species, J. gossypiifolia and P. amarus against the food poisoning Pseudomonas species and pathogenic A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae. These extracts are therefore recommended for utilization and further in vivo study as herbal antibacterial agents for sh health management and fish preservation.
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    Percentage Yield Difference, an Index for Evaluating Intercropping Efficiency
    (2014-11-06) A. I. Afe; S. Atanda
    Aim: To evaluate intercropping efficiency using percentage yield difference (PYD) and to compare the index with other indices. Study Design: The design was a 2 X 5 factorial in a randomized complete block design, and replicated three times. Location: The study was carried out at the Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, Ejiba (18°18°N, 5°39°E), Kogi State in the Southern Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria in 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons. Methodology: Erect and prostrate cowpeas and maize were mixed at five population ratios. The five population ratios were: 100%C: 75%M, 100%C:50%M, 100%C:25%M, 75%C:25%M and 50%C:50%M (were C and M represented Cowpea and Maize respectively). Sole crops of each crop at full population were included as control treatments. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), Area Time Equivalent Ratio (ATER), Monetary Equivalent Ratio (MER) and Percentage Yield Difference (PYD) were estimated and compared. Results: Results of this study showed that LER, ATER, and PYD values were similar for the two cultivars in the two years. LER values ranges between 1.18 and 1.27 in 2008 and 1.12 and 1.30 in 2009. MER did not follow the same trend as LER and ATER. Lower values were obtained particularly in 2009. However, the highest MER 1.35 and 1.23 in 2008 and 2009 respectively were obtained in prostrate cowpea / maize mixture at population ratio of 100:50. The PYD advantage varies between 5-33% in the two years. Conclusion: The comparable values of PYD with other indices suggest that it can be used to evaluate/ intercropping efficiency in crop mixture.
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    Response of maize (Zea mays L.) to combined application of organic and inorganic (soil and foliar applied) fertilizers
    (2015) A. I. Afe; S. Atanda; M. O. Aduloju; S. K. Ogundare; A. A. Talabi
    A field trial was carried out in the 2013 cropping season at the Teaching and Research Farm of Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria (08° 42” 48.5N and 004° 26 17.9” E ) to assess the response of early maturing maize variety (TZEE-Y) when using organic poultry manure (pm) alone or in combination with inorganic (NPK) and foliar fertilizer (ff) (boost xtra). The treatments were: pm 5.0 t ha-1 + ff, pm 2.5 t ha-1 + NPK 30 kg N + ff, NPK 60 kg N + ff, pm 5.0 t ha-1 + NPK 60 kg N, pm 10.0 t ha-1 + 60 kg N, NPK 120 kg N/ha, pm 10.0 t ha-1 and control. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Applications of poultry manure at 10.0t ha-1 produced the highest plant height (119.57 cm2), leaf area (362.10 cm2) and cob length (17.47 cm2). However, significantly, was at par with integrated application of poultry manure at 2.5 t ha-1 mixed with NPK 30 kgN ha-1 and foliar fertilizers. As compared to other treatments, significantly shorter days (38) to 50% flowering was obtained where 2.5 t ha-1 poultry manure was combined with NPK 30 kgN/ha and foliar fertilizer. The highest grain yield (3.206 t ha-1) was obtained when pm was applied alone at 10.0 t ha-1. This was also similar to the combined application of pm at 2.5t ha-1 mixed with NPK 30 kgN ha-1 and foliar fertilizer. The results of the study indicated that combined application of pm, NPK and ff enhanced the growth and yield of maize. This integrated application will be a good soil management practice for tropical soils. Combination of pm at 2.5 t ha-1 with NPK 30 kgN ha-1 and foliar fertilizer (boost xtra) is therefore recommended for early maturing maize production in the study area
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