Department of Accounting and Finance

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Browsing Department of Accounting and Finance by Author "Abdulraheem Olayiwola Kadir"

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    BOARD CHARACTERISTICS AND REAL EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AMONG LISTED NON-FINANCIAL FIRMS IN NIGERIA
    (Malete Journal of Accounting and Finance, 2022-12-23) Abdulraheem Olayiwola Kadir
    High expectations for earnings are put on companies, yet earnings management distorts how well those companies perform. Hence, this study examined the impact of board characteristics on real earnings management among listed non-financial companies in Nigeria. The study used a sample of 72 listed non-financial companies in Nigeria, covering the period of 2008-2020 on an unbalanced basis. The study was conducted over four (4) samples, vis-à-vis, the pre- and post-review of code of corporate governance and pre- and post-adoption of IFRS. The study employed the generalized method of moment (GMM) to estimate its empirical models. The findings from the estimation exercise revealed that board size reduces abnormal cash flows and abnormal production costs real earnings management after the review of code of corporate governance and adoption of IFRS but CEO duality promote real earnings management. Board independence was also found to reduce real earnings management while the number of meetings held by the board is ineffective in reduce earnings management. The study concluded that board characteristics are vital corporate governance mechanisms for reducing earnings management in Nigeria. It therefore recommended that an optimal size of board members as well as their independence should be emphasized for effective reduction in earnings management.
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    CORPORATE ESG ACTIVITIES AND FINANCIAL REPORTING QUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM LISTED NON-FINANCIAL FIRMS IN NIGERIA
    (MALETE JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE, 2025-09-21) Abdulraheem Olayiwola Kadir
    Financial reporting in Nigeria continues to face challenges such as earnings manipulation, inconsistent disclosures, and weak comparability despite ongoing regulatory reforms. At the same time, global and local stakeholders increasingly demand Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures as part of transparent and credible corporate reporting. This study was undertaken to evaluate how environmental sustainability practices, corporate governance mechanisms, and social responsibility initiatives influence the financial reporting quality (FRQ) of listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. An ex-post facto design was employed, using secondary data extracted from annual reports and sustainability disclosures of 84 firms selected using a multistage sampling technique from 106 non-financial companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group between 2018 and 2024. Data were analyzed using panel regression models with appropriate robustness tests. The findings revealed that environmental sustainability, corporate governance, and social responsibility each exert significant positive effects on FRQ, while firm size strengthens these relationships. The study concludes that ESG practices, when genuinely implemented, enhance the credibility, transparency, and comparability of financial reports. It recommends the adoption of standardized ESG disclosure frameworks, stricter enforcement of governance codes, and capacity-building support for smaller firms to improve Nigeria’s financial reporting environment
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    SECTORAL PATTERNS OF ACCRUAL-BASED AND REAL EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA’S NON-FINANCIAL FIRMS
    (JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ACCOUNTING, 2025-12-31) Abdulraheem Olayiwola Kadir
    This study examined sectoral differences in earnings management among non-financial firms in Nigeria, with focus on distinguishing between accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management through production and cash-flow channels. Using a balanced panel of listed non-financial firms, the study applied established earnings management proxies and employs descriptive statistics, panel analysis of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni pairwise comparisons, and variance homogeneity diagnostics to identify sector-specific patterns. The results revealed pronounced sectoral heterogeneity. Accrual-based earnings management exhibits significant sectoral differences, with evidence of both income-decreasing and income-increasing accrual adjustments, depending on industry characteristics. In contrast, real earnings management is highly uneven and concentrated in specific sectors. In particular, the Health Care and Oil & Gas sectors exhibited consistently higher and more volatile real earnings management, driven largely by abnormal cash-flow manipulation. And in the case of Oil & Gas, abnormal production costs. Conglomerates and ICT firms, by contrast, displayed relatively low and stable levels of real earnings management. Pairwise correlations further indicated that accrual-based earnings management operates largely independently of real earnings management, while aggregate real earnings management is strongly driven by abnormal cash-flow activities. Overall, the findings suggest that while accounting standards and governance reforms may have constrained accrual manipulation, they have been less effective in limiting real activities manipulation, which carries direct economic costs. The study contributes to the literature by providing one of the first comprehensive sector-level analyses of multiple earnings management channels in Nigeria, highlighting the need for sector-specific regulatory oversight, enhanced operational monitoring, and risk-based audit and investment strategies in emerging markets.