Application of Residue Number System in Information Security: A Systematic Review
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Sule Lamido University Journal of Science and Technology
Abstract
The Residue Number System (RNS) offers a promising alternative to traditional weighted arithmetic
systems, demonstrating potential advantages in cryptography, error detection, and data integrity. However, its
practical adoption remains limited due to challenges in base conversion, scalability, and hardware efficiency.
Aim: This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to evaluate the role of RNS in securing sensitive
data, with a focus on its computational efficiency, fault tolerance, and security enhancements. Methodology: A
comprehensive review of 100 high-quality studies published between 2017 and 2024 was conducted, analyzing
RNS's impact on cryptographic algorithms, error detection mechanisms, and data integrity protocols. The study
also identifies existing research gaps and assesses the feasibility of integrating RNS into real-world security
frameworks. Results: The findings indicate that RNS significantly improves the performance of cryptographic
systems such as RSA, AES, and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), reducing computational complexity and
enhancing processing speed by 20-50%. Additionally, RNS enhances fault tolerance and error detection, making
it a viable approach for secure data transmission and storage. However, practical implementation remains
challenging due to the computational overhead of base conversion, hardware constraints, and integration
difficulties in large-scale cryptographic frameworks. RNS holds significant promise for enhancing information
security, but addressing its practical limitations is crucial for broader adoption. Future research should focus on
optimizing base conversion techniques, reducing hardware overhead, and exploring hybrid cryptographic models
to improve real-world feasibility.