An Expert Legal Analysis of Article XI of the Outer Space Treaty (Status and application of the five United Nations Treaties on Outer Space, and ways and means, including capacity building, to promote their implementation.

Abstract
The International Institute of Space Law (IISL) is a non-governmental organization dedicated to promoting the rule of law in outer space. IISL holds permanent observer status with the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (the Committee) and has been supporting the work of the Committee’s Legal Subcommittee through various efforts, including the organization of the Annual Space Law Symposium in collaboration with the European Center for Space Law of the European Space Agency. The purpose of this paper is to present an expert legal analysis of Article XI of the Outer Space Treaty (OST), particularly focusing on current practices, gaps, ambiguities and barriers to the provision’s implementation, with a view to supporting relevant discussions within the Committee’s Legal Subcommittee, including within the Working Group on the Status and Application of the Five United Nations Treaties on Outer Space (WG TRE).
Description
Keywords
Citation
United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs.A/AC.105/C.2.2026/CRP.19.