Integration of U-Net, GAN-Based Image Augmentation, and a Custom CNN for Breast Cancer Segmentation and Classification
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Date
2025-12
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Sule Lamido University Journal of Science & Technology
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and early detection is critical for
improving patient outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated significant promise in this field, yet
challenges such as inaccurate lesion localization, limited augmentation strategies, and class imbalance persist.
Aim: This study proposes a hybrid deep learning framework that integrates U-Net for lesion segmentation, a
Deep Convolutional GAN (DCGAN) for synthetic image augmentation, and a custom Convolutional Neural
Network (CNN) for classification of breast ultrasound images. The dataset, obtained from the Kaggle Breast
Ultrasound Images (BUSI) repository, consists of 780 grayscale scans from 600 female patients aged 25–75,
categorized into normal, benign, and malignant classes. Method: The proposed U-Net–GAN–CNN pipeline was
trained for 20 epochs, with 15% of the dataset reserved for independent testing. Performance was evaluated using
accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Result: The model achieved 97% accuracy, 96% precision, and 95%
recall and F1-score on the training set. On the test set, performance remained robust, with 95.5% accuracy, 94%
precision, 93% recall, and 93.5% F1-score. Comparative evaluation against three baselines, a CNN trained on
raw images, a CNN with traditional augmentation, and a fine-tuned VGG16, demonstrated the superiority of the
proposed approach. These findings confirm that integrating segmentation, GAN-based augmentation, and a
tailored CNN enhances diagnostic reliability, mitigates class imbalance, and provides a reproducible framework
with strong potential to support radiologists in clinical decision-making.
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Citation
Kadri, A. F., Mohammed, S. B., Olajide, A. T., Ilori, O., Tajudeen, K. O.,* Ekundayo, O.*, & Babatunde A.N. (2025): Integration of U-Net, GAN-Based Image Augmentation, and a CustomCNN for Breast Cancer Segmentation and Classification. Faculty of Computing and Information Technology and Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Sule lamido University, Kafin Hausa, Jigawa State, Nigeria 10(2) 198-212. Available at: at Sule Lamido University - Journal of Science and Technology