MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF HUMAN AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS (HAT) TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS WITH TWO STAGES OF INFECTION

Abstract

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, transmitted by tsetse flies, remains a major health threat in sub-Saharan Africa. This study developed and analysed a mathematical model to better understand HAT transmission dynamics between humans and flies. The model accounts for potential relapse in infected individuals. Ensuring realistic predictions through the positivity and boundedness checks. Stability analysis is determined. Central to our analysis is the basic reproduction number, R0, which tells us whether HAT will spread or decline. Sensitivity analysis identified key parameters influencing the transmission pattern. Visual graphs illustrated these findings effectively. Results suggest that increasing the death rate of tsetse flies can substantially curb the spread of HAT. The study emphasises that controlling the disease requires a multifaceted approach: public health education, vector control, improved healthcare access, and investment in vaccines. These strategies are vital for the goal of eliminating HAT and enhancing health outcomes in affected regions.