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CHALLENGES TO THE APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN NIGERIAN COURTS
(Department of Commercial and Property Law (now Department of Commercial and Industrial Law) Faculty of Law, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, 2025-09-20) Akaje Halimat Tope
The global concern for the growing crisis of development and environment has led to the emergence of International Environmental law and adoption of several treaties to deal with environmental issues. Nigeria is a signatory to many environment treaties but few of these treaties have been domesticated into the Nigerian Law. This paper therefore discussed the application of International Environmental Law in Nigerian courts. It also discussed the challenges to the application of International Environmental law by Nigerian Courts. It relied on information from textbooks, journals, newspapers and internet materials. The paper also found that the importance of International Environmental Law to environmental protection globally and particularly Nigeria cannot be over emphasized. It revealed that the application of International Environmental Law in Nigerian Courts is confronted with many challenges; these challenges bother on domestication, judicial attitude, locus standi and remedies. It concluded that the provisions of section 12 (1) of the Nigerian Constitution, which stipulates that a treaty must be domesticated before it can have the force of law in Nigeria is a major hindrance to the application of International Environmental Law in Nigerian Courts. The paper recommended tackling the challenges to the application of International Environmental Law in Nigerian Courts, such as domestication of treaties, widening of locus standi, capacity building for judges.
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Effect of High-Quality Cassava Flour Inclusion on the Profitability and Sensory Acceptability of Pastry Products
(Faculty of Science, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria, 2025-12-01) 93. Awoyale, W., Ijelu, W.A., Olatoye, K.K., Ademokoya, A.A., Sani, M., Opatola, P.O., Ishola, H., Abdulrasaq, A.O., Akosile, F. and Nofiu, N.B.
The demand for wheat flour in Nigeria is expected to rise due to the increasing consumption of pastries. A study was conducted to assess the profitability and sensory qualities of doughnuts, cookies, and chin-chin made from wheat and high-quality cassava flour (HQCF). HQCF was mixed with wheat flour in varying ratios (5, 10, and 15%), with 100% wheat flour as the positive control and HQCF as the negative control. Profitability was calculated using a standard method, while sensory acceptability was evaluated by fifteen (15) panelists using a structured questionnaire. The results showed that all composite products made from wheat and HQCF are profitable. The cookies made with 5%, 10%, and 15% HQCF generated profits of 143%, 163%, and 297%, respectively. The doughnuts made with 5%, 10%, and 15% HQCF yielded profits of 24.96%, 40.37%, and 47.98%, respectively. The chin-chin made with 5%, 10%, and 15% HQCF produced profits of 5.03%, 17.94%, and 22.08%. Sensory evaluation showed that cookies, chin-chin, and doughnuts made with 5-15% HQCF were similar in most sensory attributes, while those made with 100% wheat flour and 100% HQCF were different. Thus, the 5% HQCF composite cookies, chin-chin, and doughnuts may offer both profitability and acceptability, supporting Nigeria's cassava inclusion policy and decreasing import expenses.
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Creating New Bounds: Identity and Form of African Literature
(Journal of the Literary Scholars Association, 2025-06) Aliyu Saeedat Bolajoko
Imagining the future of African literature, popular culture, and the digital humanities provides a rich pool for literary scholars to push the frontiers of the literary enterprise of Africa. Literature of the African continent has grown and is still growing, metamorphosing in diverse forms, and inviting scrutiny that will help upcoming scholars and literature enthusiasts appreciate the growth and extent of this vibrant body of literary art. There is no gainsaying in the fact that African literature is no longer that body that is strictly tailored after, or conditioned by, the literary traditions of other climes. It has come a long way from what Ernest Emenyonu describes as the pre-colonial and colonial European intellectual theory of “If it is not written, it is not Literature!” (3), and which Obiajunwa Wali calls “a minor appendage in the main stream of European literature” (13). The focus of this paper is to examine the African literary enterprise which, I dare to say, is defying old labels, shaking off old restrictions, and carving out new identities. This ambitious exploration I hope to explain to you using the changing dynamics playing out in the different modes through which African literature is taking.
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Finacial Sustainability of Theological Education and Its Implications for Some Theological Institutions in Nigeria
(West Africa Journal of Higher Education. Vol. 2. A Publication of International Council for Higher Education (West Africa), 2021) Awojobi, Peter Olanrewaju
One of the greatest challenges theological seminaries are facing today is funding. Most of these schools were started and are being run by faith. In the past, missionaries who pioneered most of these institutions took responsibilities for funding the school. Now, however, they have either withdrawn or are about to withdraw funding.Foreign donations or gifts continue to decrease . This development has negative implications on theological education. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly difficult to fund theological education today by reason of the recent global economic crisis or meltdown
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Political Leaders as Agents of Peace and Good Governance in Ancient Israel and Its Implications for Nigerian leaders
(Nasara Journal of Humanities. Vol. 9. No. 1& 2. A Publication of Faculty of Atrs, Nasarawa State University, 2020) Awojobi, Peter Olanrewaju
Political Leaders in ancient time were considered as divine appointees. As Ambassadors of YHWH the leaders have been entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order so that peace can reign in the society and nation under their watch. However, some of these rulers failed to fulfill divine mandate by championing idol worship, corruption, oppression, injustice and the likes which eventually led to anarchy, violence and all forms of ungodly practices in the society. The focus of this piece is to examine how King Josiah of Judah maintained law and order in his reign with the view of establishing its relevance in political structures in Nigeria. Historical method was used for this research. It was gathered that the nation of Judah was governed in the fear of God in the time of King Josiah. There was peace, justice and prosperity in the land. The Nigerian nation has been governed by political leaders that lack the fear of God. This is the reason for oppression, corruption, injustice, poverty, terrorism and the likes that have bedeviled our nation today. Political leader in Nigeria are enjoined to rule in the fear of God so that peace and prosperity can be realized.